#CHEMISTRY
Some important points from equilibrium and Thermodynamics that may be asked in competitions:
1. Equilibrium is dynamic process.
2. Entropy of universe (irrevesible) is continuously increasing.
3. Entropy of universe (reversible) is constant.
4. Gibbs free energy is negative of useful work done.
5. At constant volume. There is no effect of addition of Inert gas on equilibrium.
6. At constant Pressure, Addition of inert gas HAS EFFECT on equilibrium. {for remembering it,, call it as PI RULE (Pressure-Inert). }
7.Equilibrium or Reaction always proceeds to that direction where there are less no. moles ( or sum of stochiometric coefficients of gaseous items) except in case of changing Pressure (where it follows opposite rule).

8. On increasing temperature, equilibrium shifts to the side having less amount of heat.
9.If Q>K, reaction shifts in backward direction.
10. If Q <K reaction shifts in forward direction.
11. If Q=K reaction is at equilibrium.
(Q quotient factor)
(K equilibrium )
12. If dH < 0, reactions is exothermic.
13. If dH>0, reaction is endothermic.
14. If dH =0,reaction is thermoneutral.
(dH =Change in Enthalpy)
15. W and Q are path function.
{ W Work Done
Q Heat
}
16. P V T H U S G are state function.
{ P Pressure
V Volume
T Temperature
H Enthalpy
U Internal Energy
S Entropy
G Gibbs Free Energy }
17. For reversible cyclic process, change in P V T H U S G is ZERO . But change in Q and W is NOT ZERO.
18. Internal Energy is Function of Temperature.
19. Work done on the system(compression) is taken with positive sign. and work done by the system(expansion) is taken with negative sign
(opposite in physics)
20. Reversible Isothermal is an ideal process.
21. Isothermal process follows Boyle's Law.
22. Isobaric Process follows Charle's Law.
23. Isochoric Process follows Gay Lussac's Law.
23. Adiabatic Process follows Poisson's Law.
24. Cp is more than Cv ( Cp - Cv = R)
25. Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics gave concept of Temperature.
26. First Law of Thermodynamics gave concept of Work done and its Internal energy.
27. Second Law of Thermodynamics gave concept of Entropy.
28. Kelvin-Planck's Statement -- No heat Engine can convert all the energy given to it into useful work done I.e. efficiency cannot be 100%.
29. Clausius Statement- No heat Engine can transfer heat from body at lower temperature to the body at higher temperature without any external source.

30. The amount of energy given to a system is partially used to increase its internal energy and partially used to perform work. (This is modified form of FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS)

@Sufiyan Ansari
addsufiyan@gmail.com