Quiz on para summary and para jumble (new pattern) for PO, Clerk, SO, Insurance Exams

Question 1

Direction: Read the given passage carefully. Choose the most appropriate option from the given alternatives which expresses the summary of the passage.

Sustainable is not yet a word with a clear-cut agricultural definition. It has been defined in many ways, but at its core lies a kind of farming that is, in a commonly used phrase, “economically viable, environmentally sound, and socially acceptable”—a kind of farming that encourages the farmer to earn a decent living growing good food on healthy land. Talking to researchers, policymakers, and farmers over the past year and a half, I've heard again and again the caution that there is no single approach to sustainability; there are many approaches. But what has changed in recent years is this: A broad effort has emerged on farms and at research institutions to discover which farming approaches are truly viable, sound, and acceptable and how they can be put to use out on the land. Behind this effort lies the awareness that the enormous yields of conventional farming have come at a high environmental and social cost, a cost we're only now learning to acknowledge.

i. Sustainable agriculture is a multi-pronged approach in which environmental and social costs are considered along with productivity.
ii. Sustainable agriculture is yet to get a clear cut agricultural definition and research institutes are still trying to discover its benefits
iii. There is no single approach to sustainability and hence it is very difficult to find a technique that is both socially and economically viable

Question 2

Direction: Read the given passage carefully. Choose the most appropriate option from the given alternatives which expresses the summary of the passage.

Naturalists have been staggered by the Amazon’s diversity ever since the first European researcher set foot in the South American rain forest more than 200 years ago. Those naturalists, of course, hailed largely from temperate climes, where forests typically support no more than 50 to 60 species of tree. The Amazon, they quickly discovered, is far more lavish: twice as many species of tree can easily be found in an acre or two. And these plants support many times more species of bird, insect, and mammal than are found on an equivalent piece of temperate real estate. In one day at one site in the Amazon, entomologists gathered 440 species of butterfly—more species than can be found in the entire eastern United States. But despite the recognition that the Amazon is one of Earth’s great centers of biodiversity, the underlying causes of its richness remain unknown.

Question 3

Direction: Read the given passage carefully. Choose the most appropriate option from the given alternatives which expresses the summary of the passage.

A simple way to make a vaccine would be to grow vast numbers of the selected strains, inactivate them so that they cannot cause infection and combine them in a single preparation. Unfortunately, the strains that are selected tend to grow slowly in the laboratory and are thus difficult to mass-produce. To overcome this obstacle, scientists begin by basically inserting immune-stimulating proteins—hemagglutinin and neuraminidase—from the surface of selected strains into a form of influenza virus that will grow quickly in the lab. For each strain, they infect chick embryos with both the fast-growing and the chosen virus. Many of the virus particles made by the embryos grow rapidly but now display the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase spikes of the strains expected to cause this year’s epidemics. These high-growth re-assortments are then isolated and delivered to vaccine manufacturers, who mass-produce them in more chick embryos.

1) Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase are the best available immune stimulating proteins today and scientists worldwide rely on their effectiveness
2) Mass production of the chosen strains becomes difficult due to their slow growth in the laboratory. To prepare for an epidemic outbreak, researchers and manufacturers are developing vaccines that can be produced rapidly.
3) When contemplating the prospects for flu drugs, observers might reasonably wonder whether the disease would be better controlled by a universal vaccine.
4) Influenza is a disease that spreads through physical contacts with infected people.

Question 4

Direction: Read the given passage carefully. Choose the most appropriate option from the given alternatives which expresses the summary of the passage.

People of widely different cultures have long regarded comets with fear and dread. The unheralded, unpredictable appearances of these ephemeral celestial visitors were believed to be omens of disaster for rulers, realms, and entire populations. Comets, it was thought, signaled or caused wars, revolutions, plagues, and other calamities. Halley's Comet made an appearance in 1066, which just happened to be the year that William the Conqueror crossed the English Channel from Normandy and won the British crown by defeating King Harold II. The episode is vividly illustrated in the medieval Bayeux Tapestry, which tells the story of the Norman conquest. In one scene awed courtiers gaze at the comet and then tell Harold of the evil omen—which in his case indeed proved fatal. Modern scientists may not believe in omens, but they have come to realize that comets, which are only mountain-sized bodies, are capable of causing worldwide disasters as terrible as any that were imagined of old—and paradoxically might also be responsible for our very existence.

Question 5

Direction: Read the given passage carefully. Choose the most appropriate option from the given alternatives which expresses the summary of the passage.

In a natural disaster—a hurricane, flood, tornado, volcanic eruption, or other calamity—minutes and even seconds of warning can be the difference between life and death. Because of this, scientists and government officials are working to use the latest technological advances to predict when and where disasters will happen. They are also studying how best to analyze and communicate this information once it is obtained. The goal is to put technology to effective use in saving lives and property when nature unleashes its power with devastating results. Disaster prediction is more than just forecasting the future with advanced technology—it is also a process of providing scientific information to the government officials and other decision makers who must respond to those predictions. In general, the process has three phases. First, there is the challenge of forecasting the event itself. A second important challenge is communicating the forecast to decision makers. The third part of the process is the use of predictive information by decision makers.

i. Scientists and government officials are using the latest technological advances in order to always predict disasters accurately and prevent any loss of life and property
ii. The advanced means of forecasting natural disasters and of communicating disaster information to the public coupled with public awareness and proper planning can help in minimizing the havoc that disasters can wreak.
iii. The use of latest technology in predicting disasters has made it very convenient for decision makers and government officials to take necessary actions.

Question 6

Direction: Four statements are given below, each labelled with a letter, which, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Choose the most logical order of sentence from among the four given choices to construct a coherent paragraph.

A- In emission trading, the government fixes the total amount of pollution that is acceptable to maintain a desired level of air quality.
B- Economists argue this approach makes air pollution control more cost – effective than the current practice of fixing air pollution standards and expecting all companies to pollute below these standards.
C- USA uses emission trading to control air pollution.
D- It then distributes emission permits to all companies in the region, which add up to the overall acceptable level of emission.

Question 7

Direction: The given sentences, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a letter. Choose the most logical order of the sentences from among the five given choices to construct a coherent paragraph.

A- Realists believe that there is an objective reality “out there” independent of ourselves.
B- This reality exists solely by virtue of how the world is, and it is in principle discoverable by application of the methods of science.
C- They believe in the possibility of determining whether or not a theory is indeed really true or false.
D- I think it is fair to say that this is the position to which most working scientists subscribe.

Question 8

Direction: The given sentences, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a letter. Choose the most logical order of the sentences from among the five given choices to construct a coherent paragraph.

A- All levels of demand, whether individual, aggregate, local, national or international are subject to change.
B- At the same time, science and technology add new dimensions to products, their uses, and the methods used to market them.
C- Aggregate demand fluctuates with changes in the level of business activity, GNP, and national income.
D- The demands of individuals tend to vary with changing needs and rising income.

Question 9

Direction: The given sentences, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a letter. Choose the most logical order of the sentences from among the five given choices to construct a coherent paragraph.

A- There is a strong manufacturing base for a variety of products.
B- India has come a long way on the technology front.
C- But the technology adopted has been largely of foreign origin.
D- There are however areas such as atomic energy, space, agriculture, and defense where significant strides have been made in evolving relevant technologies within the country.

Question 10

Direction: The given sentences, when properly sequenced, form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a letter. Choose the most logical order of the sentences from among the five given choices to construct a coherent paragraph.

A- Secret persons shall strike with weapons, fire or poison.
B- Clans mutually supporting each other shall be made to strike at the weak points.
C- He shall destroy their caravans, herds, forests and troop reinforcements.
D- The conqueror shall cause enemy kingdom to be destroyed by neighboring kings, jungle tribes, pretenders or unjustly treated princes.