GK for IB ACIO 2021, GK Notes for ACIO Exam on World History (Part III)

World War II was fought between Axis power which included- Germany, Japan, and Italy and the Allied powers represented by Great Britain, France, USSR, USA, and China.

The cause of the war can be seen as 1. Treaty of Versailles, 2. The rise of nationalist fervour in Italy and Germany, 3. Incompetency of the league of nation 4. Appeasement policy of Britain and France.

The immediate cause of the war when Poland refused to give the Danzig port to Germany and also didn’t allow the rail linkage between East Prussia and Germany, Germany opened war on Poland and captured it. As France and Britain had the alliance to aid Poland, they also entered into the war with Germany to honour their agreement.

Note:

• India participated in world war II from Britain side.
• In world war II, USA dropped the Nuclear bombs on Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively.

Miscellaneous Points:

Magna Carta- 1215: Signed by John II, under the pressure by the people to keep in check the king’s arbitrary power, this principle laid down definite laws for the administration of the empire. It is also said to be the foundation stone of rights and liberties of the English people.

Capitalism is an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

Socialism is a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole

Imperialism is a policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means.

Fascism is a form of government which is a type of one-party dictatorship. Fascists are against democracy. They work for a totalitarian one-party state. Such a state is led by a strong leader—such as a dictator and a martial government.

Liberalism is a political or social philosophy advocating the freedom of the individual, parliamentary systems of government, nonviolent modification of political, social, or economic institutions to assure unrestricted development in all spheres of human endeavour.

QUOTES:

HITLER

• If you tell a big enough lie and tell it frequently enough, it will be believed.
• Make the lie big, make it simple, keep saying it, and eventually they will believe it.
• He alone, who owns the youth, gains the future.
• Those who want to live, let them fight, and those who do not want to fight in this
• World of eternal struggle do not deserve to live.
• All propaganda has to be popular and has to accommodate itself to the
• Comprehension of the least intelligent of those whom it seeks to reach.
• It is not truth that matters, but victory.
• The victor will never be asked if he told the truth.
• Demoralize the enemy from within by surprise, terror, sabotage, assassination. This is the war of the future.
• Strength lies not in defence but in attack.
• Words build bridges into unexplored regions

WINSTON CHURCHILL

• If you're going through hell, keep going.
• Success consists of going from failure to failure without loss of enthusiasm.
• Never, never, never give up.
• We make a living by what we get, but we make a life by what we give.
• Success is not final, failure is not fatal: it is the courage to continue that counts.
• History is written by the victors.
• To improve is to change; to be perfect is to change often.
• You have enemies? Good. That means you've stood up for something, sometime in your life.
• A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty.
• The best argument against democracy is a five-minute conversation with the average voter. 

ROOSEVELT

• Believe you can and you're halfway there.
• Do what you can, with what you have, where you are.
• Keep your eyes on the stars, and your feet on the ground.
• Nobody cares how much you know, until they know how much you care.
• Far and away the best prize that life has to offer is the chance to work hard at work worth doing.
• Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.
• In any moment of decision, the best thing you can do is the right thing, the next best thing is the wrong thing, and the worst thing you can do is nothing.
• Every immigrant who comes here should be required within five years to learn English or leave the country.
• Get action. Seize the moment. Man was never intended to become an oyster.
• It is hard to fail, but it is worse never to have tried to succeed. 

JOHH F. KENNEDY

• And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you -- ask what you can do for your country.
• As we express our gratitude, we must never forget that the highest appreciation is not to utter words, but to live by them.
• Our most basic common link is that we all inhabit this planet. We all breathe the same air. We all cherish our children's future. And we are all mortal.
• Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or present are certain to miss the future.
• Forgive your enemies, but never forget their names.
• Mankind must put an end to war before war puts an end to mankind.
• Efforts and courage are not enough without purpose and direction.
• A rising tide lifts all boats
• We are tied to the ocean. And when we go back to the sea, whether it is to sail or to watch - we are going back from whence we came.
• Victory has a thousand fathers, but defeat is an orphan. 

OBAMA

• Change will not come if we wait for some other person or some other time. We are the ones we've been waiting for. We are the change that we seek.
• If you're walking down the right path and you're willing to keep walking, eventually you'll make progress.
• You know, my faith is one that admits some doubt.
• Why can't I just eat my waffle?
• There's not a liberal America and a conservative America - there's the United States of America.
• I think when you spread the wealth around its good for everybody.
• If the people cannot trust their government to do the job for which it exists - to protect them and to promote their common welfare - all else is lost.
• The United States is not, and never will be, at war with Islam.
• The future rewards those who press on. I don't have time to feel sorry for myself. I don't have time to complain. I'm going to press on.
• We've been warned against offering the people of this nation false hope. But in the unlikely story that is America, there has never been anything false about hope.

Martin Luther King Jr.

• Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that.
• Free at last, Free at last, Thank God almighty we are free at last.
• Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.
• Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter.
• If you can’t fly then run, if you can’t run then walk, if you can’t walk then crawl, but whatever you do you have to keep moving forward.
• The time is always right to do what is right.
• I look to a day when people will not be judged by the colour of their skin, but by the content of their character.
• Faith is taking the first step even when you don't see the whole staircase.
• The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy.
• In the end, we will remember not the words of our enemies, but the silence of our friends.

Kofi Annan

• Knowledge is power. Information is liberating. Education is the premise of progress, in every society, in every family.
• It has been said that arguing against globalization is like arguing against the laws of gravity.
• To live is to choose. But to choose well, you must know who you are and what you stand for, where you want to go and why you want to get there.
• Education is a human right with immense power to transform. On its foundation rest the cornerstones of freedom, democracy and sustainable human development.
• More countries have understood that women's equality is a prerequisite for development.
• The Lord had the wonderful advantage of being able to work alone.
• There is no development strategy more beneficial to society as a whole - women and men alike - than the one which involves women as central players.
• Business, labour and civil society organizations have skills and resources that are vital in helping to build a more robust global community.
• We need to keep hope alive and strive to do better.
• If information and knowledge are central to democracy, they are conditions for development.

IB ACIO GK World History Part I

IB ACIO GK World History Part II

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