Soil, Agriculture and Rivers, Study Notes, Material

The Soil of Uttar Pradesh

• The soil of the Bhabar -Terai region is made up of stones and thick sand.
• In Uttar Pradesh alluvial soil is most widespread.
• Alluvial soil has been formed from mud and sand.
• Alluvial soil is rich in potash and lime.
• Desert soil is found in some Western districts of Uttar Pradesh.
• Lal, Parva, Mar, Rakar, Bhonta, etc. soils are found in the Bundelkhand area.
• The percentage of the wetland area is, in terms of the total area of the state: 5.15%·
• District of Uttar Pradesh with highest Wetland area: Sonabhadra.
• Districts of Uttar Pradesh with the lowest wetland area: Baghpat and Hathras

Agriculture and Animal Husbandry in Uttar Pradesh

• Total agroecological zones in the state: 20.
• 59.3% of the working population of Uttar Pradesh is dependent on agriculture.
• Uttar Pradesh has been divided into nine agriculture-climatic zones.
• The main means of irrigation in Uttar Pradesh is a tube well.
• In 2014-15, the cropping intensity of Uttar Pradesh was 157.53%.
• Uttar Pradesh is the first in the production of wheat, barley, sugarcane, potato, and lentils in the country.
• Uttar Pradesh is second in rice production in the country.
• Production of the gram crop is highest in the Bundelkhand region in Uttar Pradesh.
• Sugarcane is the largest cash crop in Uttar Pradesh.
• Production of the wheat crop is the largest in Gorakhpur.
• Opium is cultivated in the Barabanki district of Uttar Pradesh.
• The potato processing and export zone is located in Agra of Uttar Pradesh.
• Only the Opium factory of Uttar Pradesh is located in Ghazipur.
• The research and Training centre for Mango is in Lucknow.
• The research and Training centre for guava is in Allahabad.
• Pratapgarh is the highest Amla production region.
• Uttar Pradesh has first place in livestock numbers.
• Uttar Pradesh has first place in milk production in the country.
• Uttar Pradesh is in 8th place in egg production.
• Animal feed Bank of Uttar Pradesh in Bharari (Jhansi).
• The State milk council was established in 1976.

Rivers in Uttar Pradesh

• Major rivers of Uttar Pradesh: Ganga, Yamuna, Ramganga, Gomti, and Ghaghara.
• Uttar Pradesh's most polluted river is the Yamuna.
• The river Ganga is most polluted from Kannauj to Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh.
• Kanpur to Allahabad stretch of Ganga has the highest BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand).
• The major cities of Uttar Pradesh which are on the bank of the Ganga: Sherpur, Ghazipur, Saidpur, Varanasi, Mirzapur, Sirsa, Allahabad, Shringerpur, Kalakankar, Dalmau, Kanpur, Bithoor, Bellaur, Fatehgarh, Kachhalaghat, Garhmukteswar, etc.
• Length of Ganga in UP: about 900 km.
• The entry and exit of river Ganga in Uttar Pradesh are Bijnor and Ballia districts respectively.
• The longest river in the state is Ganga which flows through 28 districts.
• The entrance of the river Ramganga occurs in the Bijnor district.
• Ramganga Joins Ganga near Fatehgarh.
• Kali river Joins the Ganga near Kannauj.
• Bodhi Ganga Joins to the Ganga at Badaun.
• Largest Ganga’s coastal district of Uttar Pradesh: Badaun (133 K.m).
• The major cities of Uttar Pradesh are located on the bank of river Yamuna: 10 cities like Allahabad, Kaushambi, Hamirpur, Etawah, Kalpi Bateshwar, Agra, Mathura, Vrindavan, Baghpat, etc.
• The Yamuna flows through 19 districts.
• The entry and exit of river Yamuna in Uttar Pradesh are Saharanpur and Allahabad (Here Yamuna merges into Ganga) respectively.
• The towns of Jaunpur, Sultanpur, Lucknow, etc. are located on the bank of the Gomti river.
• Ayodhya, Gonda, Barhalanganj, Chhahaj, etc. are situated on the banks of the river Saryu.
• The entry and exit of Gandak river in Uttar Pradesh Maharajganj and Kushinagar, respectively.
• Gandak river is known as Shaligrami and Narayani In Uttar Pradesh.
• Sharada (Kali) river enters UP from Pilibhit district.
• Hindon river joins the Yamuna in Noida.
• Chambal river enters Uttar Pradesh from the Agra district.
• Chambal river joins the Yamuna river at Auraiya.
• The entry of the Betwa river in Uttar Pradesh is from Lalitpur.
• Betwa in Uttar Pradesh joins the Yamuna at Hamirpur.
• The entry of the Ken River in Uttar Pradesh is from the Banda district.
• Ken River joins the Yamuna at Banda.
• Tons river enters UP in Allahabad where it also merges into Ganga.
• The entry and exit district of the Sen river in Uttar Pradesh in Sonbhadra district.