Biodiversity Hotspots in India and World

Presently, there are 36 areas across the globe that qualify as hotspots. They represent 2.4% of the Earth’s land surface but support more than half of the world’s plant species as endemics — and nearly 43% of bird, mammal, reptile and amphibian species as endemics.

The 36 ecological hotspots are home to 2 billion people and provide crucial ecosystems services for human life and livelihood.

For any area to qualify as a biodiversity hotspot, the following two criteria’s must be met:

• The area must contain at least 1,500 species of endemic vascular plants.
• The area must have lost at least 70 per cent of its primary native vegetation.

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Biodiversity Hotspots Across the World

The eight hottest hot spots in terms of the above factors are:

1. Madagascar
2. Philippines
3. Sundaland [South East Asia]
4. Brazil’s Atlantic Forest
5. Caribbean
6. Indo-Burma
7. The Western Ghats and Sri Lanka
8. Eastern Arc and Coastal Forests of Tanzania/Kenya

There are 4 biodiversity hot spots present in India. They are:

• The Eastern Himalayas [Arunachal Pradesh, Bhutan, Eastern Nepal]
• Indo-Burma and [Purvanchal Hills, Arakan Yoma, Eastern Bangladesh]
• The Western Ghats and Sri Lanka
• Sundalands: Includes Nicobar group of Islands (and Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Philippines).

Below is PDF for the same:

Biodiversity Hotspot in India and World(English PDF)

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