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Diseases and Associated Part of Human Body, Science Study Notes, Material

By BYJU'S Exam Prep

Updated on: September 25th, 2023

 

In this article, we should read related to the Diseases and Associated Part of Human Body, Important for CTET exam.

Diseases and Associated Part of the Human Body:

A disease is a state in which, the body or organs of the body show variation. Such changes are called symptoms. Therefore, symptoms indicate the presence of disease. 

Acute diseases

Diseases which last for a short period is called acute disease. For example, common cold, fever, eye infections, pain, etc.

Chronic diseases

Diseases that last for a long time are called chronic diseases. For example, Kidney disease, heart disease, respiratory disease, etc. Also, it causes prolonged weakness in the body. For example, if a person suffers from tuberculosis, the person can face weight loss and a long period of weakness providing bad health.

The different means by which infectious diseases spread are:

(a) Through air: They are also called air-borne diseases. The air carries bacteria, virus and the diseases that can be caused are the common cold, influenza, tuberculosis etc.
(b) Through food and water: When one eats/drinks contaminated food/water, that contains bacteria, viruses, worms etc. it can cause diseases like cholera typhoid, and hepatitis.
(c) Through contact: Many diseases are spread by contact of an infected person with a healthy person. For example, fungal infections, skin diseases, scabies etc.
(d) By sexual contact: Many diseases can be transmitted, for example, syphilis, and AIDS.
(e) By body fluids: Fluids like blood, semen, and mother’s milk, when infected,
can also cause diseases. For example AIDS.
(f) Vectors: The organism that spreads disease by carrying pathogens from one place to another is called a vector. For example, mosquitoes are vectors that carry pathogens like protozoa.

Parts of the Body Affected by Diseases

Disease

Affected Body Part

Arthritis 

Joints

Asthma 

Bronchial Muscles

Cataract 

Eyes

Diabetes 

Pancreas

Diphtheria 

Throat

Eczema 

Skin

Glaucoma 

      Eyes

Goitre 

Thyroid Gland

Jaundice 

Liver

Leukaemia 

Blood

Malaria 

Spleen

Meningitis 

Brain and Spinal Cord

Otitis 

Ears

Paralysis 

Nerves

Pneumonia 

  Lungs

Polio 

 Legs

Pyorrhoea 

Teeth and Gums

Rheumatism 

Joints

Sinusitis 

                         Inflammation of sinus linings

Tonsillitis 

Tonsils

Trachoma 

  Eyes

Tuberculosis 

Lungs

Typhoid 

Intestines

Diseases and Causative Agents

Causative Agent Disease
Bacteria Diphtheria, Gonorrhoea, Meningitis, Cholera, Leprosy, Typhoid, Tetanus, Tuberculosis, Plague, Whooping Cough, Pneumonia
Virus Chicken Pox, Small Pox, Measle, Mumps, AIDS, Yellow fever, Influenza, Dengue fever, Rabies, Polio-meritis phelebotomus
Protozoans Malaria, Sleeping sickness, Kala-azar, Leishmaniasis, Amoebic dysentery
Fungus Athlete’s foot, Ringworms, Madura foot, Dhobi’s itch
Helminths Filaria, Tapeworm and Hookworm transmission

Important Information about Human Body

  • Biggest Organ: Liver
  • Heart Beat: 72 times in a minute
  • Master Gland: Pituitary
  • Number of Bone: 206
  • Number of Muscles: 640
  • Number of chromosomes: 46 or 23 pairs
  • Normal Blood Pressure: 80 to 120
  • Teeth: 32
  • The volume of Blood: About 7 litres in a normal body or about 7% of the total body weight.
  • Largest; Part of the Human Brain: Cerebrum
You may read the following books:
 
Serial No. Book Name Link
1.  CTET Success Master Maths & Science Paper-II for Class VI-VIII  Check Here
2. Ctet Paper 2 Maths & Science Book Set Hindi   Check Here 
 
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Diseases and Associated Part of Human Body, Science Study Notes, Material

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