Turbo Jet Engines

 The Turbojet is an airbreathing type jet engine, typically used in aircraft. It produces all of its thrust by ejecting a high energy gas stream from the engine exhaust nozzle. 

Basic Components of Turbojet Engines:

• Inlet,
• The Gas turbine engine
• A compressor
• A combustion chamber
• A turbine
• The exhaust nozzle

Working of a Turbojet Engine:

• Air is drawn into the engine through the inlet and compressed and heated by the compressor.
• Fuel is then added to the combustion chamber and ignited.
• The burning fuel adds energy to the exhaust stream by heating and expanding the air.
• Sufficient energy to drive the compressor is extracted from the exhaust stream by the turbine.
• The remainder of the exhaust energy is used to produce thrust, a process that is enhanced by the geometry of the exhaust nozzle.
• As the exhaust gas passes through the nozzle, it is accelerated to high speed as it expands thus providing propulsion.
• The thrust produced by the engine can be selectively increased by incorporating an afterburner or re-heat into the engine design.

Turbojets Aircraft:

• Turbojet aircraft work on the principle of accelerating a relatively small mass of air to a high speed.
• As optimum efficiency is achieved when the speed of the accelerated air approximates that of the aircraft, turbojet engines do not reach peak efficiency until speeds approaching Mach 2.
• For sub-mach speeds(a ratio between true air speed & local speed of sound), a turbofan engine is significantly more efficient and also much quieter due to the greater mass and lower speed of the exhaust stream leaving the engine.

Advancements:

• Turbojet are highly efficient for supersonic aircraft but their efficiency is very low for low speeds therefore they are used for high speeds only.

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