Basketball Game Notes for SSB Interview: All Details About Basketball

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History:

• James Naismith, Canadian teaching in America is credited with inventing the game of Basketball in 1891 at Springfield, Massachusetts, United States.

                  James Naismith, Inventor of Basketball                                                                                                                                   First Basketball Court

• The game was invented as Naismith's effort to engage his students of gym class in indoor activity during a rainy day.
• The first official Basketball match was played on January 20, 1892, at the YMCA gymnasium in Albany with nine players.
• William R. Chase scored the only goal in the first Basketball game.
• Naismith composed the early rules of the game and the first sets of rules were published in January 1892 issue of the Triangle (YMCA training school campus paper).

• Senda Berenson modified the Naismith rules to make it suitable for women-led the foundations of the Women's Basketball in 1892 at Smith College (Northampton, Massachusetts).
  • The Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) was first organised in 1997.
  • It is currently composed of twelve teams: Indiana Fever, Los Angeles Sparks, Minnesota Lynx, New York Liberty, Phoenix Mercury, Atlanta Dream, Chicago Sky, Connecticut Sun, Dallas Wings, Las Vegas Aces, Seattle Storm, and Washington Mystics.
• Basketball was played with a Soccer Ball for the first two years. The first laced Basketball was produced in 1894. During 1950s Tony Hinkle introduced the orange ball that is most commonly used today.
• The originally used pitch baskets were replaced by metal hoops with backboards in 1906.
• A number of players in each team varied. At first, it was played with 10 players however by 1895, teams mutually agreed on a 5 player game. In 1897, rules mandated that the game will be played by 5 players only.
• Basketball was introduced to other countries such as Canada, France (1893), England (1894), Japan (1900), Australia, China, and India.
• The International Basketball Federation (FIBA) was established in 1932. The eight founding nations were Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania and Switzerland.
• Basketball became an Olympic sport in 1936 when the men's tournament was introduced at the Berlin 1936 Summer Olympics.
  • The Women's Basketball became was introduced at the 1976 Summer Olympics.
• The popularity of Basketball increased after the Second World War.
  • The Basketball Association of America (BAA) was formed in 1946. The first league game was played in Toronto (Canada) between the Toronto Huskies and New York Knickerbockers on November 1 1946.
  • The BAA merged with the National Basketball League (NBL) to form the National Basketball Association (NBA) in 1949.
  • The game was incorporated by American Schools and Colleges which played an important role in the development of sport at the grassroots level. Several prominent leagues and International players of the United States were a product of College Basketball.

1.1 Prominent Players:

2. Equipment:

2.1 Playing Court:

• The playing Court of Basketball is a flat, hard surface free from obstructions 28 m in length by 15 m in width as measured from the inner edge of the boundary line.
• All lines on the playing Court shall be of the same colour and drawn in white or other contrasting colours, 5 cm in width.
• The centre line divides the Court into two halves and is marked parallel to the end lines from the mid-point of the sidelines.
• The centre circle (a radius of 1.80 m measured to the outer edge of the circumference) shall be marked in the centre of the playing Court and have.

2.2 Backstop Unit:

• There are two backstop units (1 placed at each end of the Court) consisting of:
  • 1 backboard with supporting structure
  • 1 basket ring
  • 1 basket net
  • Padding

2.3 Basketballs:

• The Basketball is spherical in shape with a maximum of 12 seams not exceeding 6.35 mm in width.
• Colour of the ball: Either a single shade of brown or a colour combination approved by FIBA
• For all Men's competitions, a size 7 ball is used, and a size 6 ball is used for female competitions.

3. Rules of the Game:

• A game of Basketball is played by two teams. Each team consists of:
  • Not more than 12 players (5 players play the game from each team) including a Captain.
  • A head coach with a maximum of 8 accompanying delegation members.
• Each team is allowed to take:
  • 2 timeouts during the first half (first and second quarter)
  • 3 timeouts during the second half with a maximum of 2 timeouts when there is less than 2:00 minutes left in the fourth quarter.
  • 1 timeout during each overtime play.
  • Only the head coach or first assistant coach has the right to request a timeout.
• Duration of the game:
  • The game consists of 4 quarters (10 minutes each) with 2 minutes interval between first - second quarter and third-fourth quarter.
  • A half time interval of 15 minutes is taken after the second quarter.
  • If the score is tied at the end of the 4^th quarter, the game continues with as many overtimes of 5 minutes duration each as necessary to break the tie.
• Goal:
  • A goal is scored when the ball enters the basket from above and remains within or passes through the basket entirely.
    • A goal scored from a free throw counts 1 point.
    • A goal scored from the 2-point field goal area counts 2 points.
    • A goal scores from the 3-point field goal area counts 3 points.
    • If a player accidentally scores an own goal (goal in his team's basket), the goal counts 2 points and is considered as having been scored by the captain of the opponents' team.

• Throw-in:

  • A throw-in occurs when the ball is passed into the playing Court by the out-of-bounds player taking the throw-in.
  • A throw-in occurs:
    • At the beginning of play: The player taking the throw-in shall have one foot on either side of the centre line extended, opposite the scorer's table, and the player can pass the ball by throwing to a teammate at any place on the playing Court.
    • After each personal foul, technical foul, unsportsmanlike or disqualifying foul: the game is resumed with a throw-in from the nearest place of a foul being committed.
  • The player taking the throw-in shall is allowed a maximum of 5 seconds to release the ball. The player cannot step in the Court with the ball in hand and she/he cannot touch the ball on the Court before it has touched another player.

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• Foul:

  • Personal foul, double foul, technical foul, unsportsmanlike or disqualifying foul and fighting in between the game is considered as foul.
  • Defensive fouls: Blocking, hand check, holding, illegal hand use
  • Offensive fouls: Charging, moving screen, over the back.
  • A player who has committed 5 fouls cannot take further part in the game and shall be substituted within 30 seconds.
  • A team foul penalty is done when the team has committed 4 team fouls in a quarter.
    • When a team is in the team foul penalty situation, all following player personal fouls committed on a player, not in the act of shooting shall be penalised by 2 free throws, instead of a throw-in. The free throw is attempted by the player on whom the foul was committed.
      • A free throw is an opportunity given to a player to score 1 point, without any contest from the opponent, from a position behind the free-throw line and inside the semi-circle.

Players' positions during free throws

Referees' Signals

4. Terms Associated with Basketball:

• Airball, Alley-oop, Arm Bar, Backboard, Backcourt, Bank shot, Blocked shot, Bounce pass, Box out, Chest pass, Dead ball, Double dribble, Double team, Double-double, Dribble, Dunk, Elbow, End line, Fast break, Field goal, Free-throw lane, Free-throw line, Frontcourt, Full-court, Full-court press, Half-court, High post, Blocking, hand check, holding, illegal hand use, charging, moving screen, over the back, Inbounds, Jump ball, Jump shot, Layup, Low post, Man defence, Opening tip, Out of bounds, Outlet pass, Palming, Personal foul, Pick and roll, Pivot foot, Rebound, Shot clock, Sideline, Strongside, Technical foul, Three-point line, Timeout, Top of the key, Triple-double, Weakside and Zone defense.

5. Governing Bodies:

• Federation Internationale de Basketball (FIBA), alternatively known as International Basketball Federation is the governing body of international Basketball.
• It was established on June 18 1932 at Geneva.
  • Motto: We are Basketball
  • Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
• Continental Federations:
  • Africa: 54 members
  • Americas: 43 members
  • Asia: 44 members
  • Europe: 50 federations
  • Oceania: 22 federations

6. International Tournaments:

• FIBA Basketball World Cup

  • First Edition: 1950 (Host: Argentina, Champion: Argentina)
  • Most Successful team: United States (5 titles), Yugoslavia (5titles)
  • Latest Edition: 2019 (Host: China, Champion: Spain)

• FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup

  • First Edition: 1953 (Host: Chile, Champion: United States)
  • Most Successful team: United States (10 titles)
  • Latest Edition: 2018 (Host: Spain, Champion: United States)
• FIBA Intercontinental Cup
  • First Edition: 1965 (Champion: Corinthians, Brazil)
  • Most Successful team: Real Madrid (5 titles)
  • Latest Edition: 2020 (Champion: Iberostar Tenerife, Spain)

• Olympics
  • Most Successful Team (Men's): United States (15 titles)
  • Most Successful team (Women's): United States (8 titles)
• FIBA AfroBasket
• FIBA Asia Cup
• WABA Championship
• SEABA Championship
• FIBA AmeriCup
• Centrobasket Championship
• Tuto Marchand Cup
• Oscar Moglia Cup
• Israel Sarmiento Cup
• FIBA EuroBasket
• FIBA Melanesian Basketball Cup
• The National Basketball Association (NBA) is one of the most famous professional leagues of the world.
  • Established as the Basketball Association of America (BAA) in New York City on June 6, 1946, the league has grown to be the dream destination of every professional basketball player.
  • The league consists of 30 teams (29 teams of USA and 1 team of Canada), and some of the prominent teams are Boston Celtics, Los Angeles Lakers, Golden State Warriors, Chicago Bulls, San Antonio Spurs, Miami Heat, New York Knicks, Houston Rockets and Cleveland Cavaliers.
  • Most titles: Boston Celtics (17 titles)

7. Basketball in India:

• Basketball was introduced to India in the 1930s. The first Indian Men's national Championship for Basketball was played in 1934.
• The Basketball Federation of India was established in 1950.
• In 2015, Gursimran "Sim" Bhullar became the first player of Indian descent to play in NBA.
• Satnam Singh Bhamara created history by becoming the first Indian to be selected in the NBA. He was selected by Dallas Mavericks.
• The year 2019 saw the first NBA games being played in India. Two games were played between the Sacramento Kings and Indiana Pacers on 4^th and 5^th October 2019 at the NSCI Dome in Mumbai.
• UBA Pro Basketball League was the first professional Basketball league of India. It was first played in 2015.

• The Indian Men's Basketball team has qualified for the FIBA Asia Championship 24 times.
  • The team was part of the 1980 Olympic Games and has won 3 gold medals (1995, 1999 and 2004) at South Asian Games.
  • The team won Gold at 2014 Lusofonia Games.
  • Prominent players: Jaideep Dhaliwal, Khusi Ram, Ajmer Singh Chopra, Sozhasingarayer Robinson, Amjyot Singh Gill, Satnam Singh, Abbas Moontasir, Jayasankar Menon, Ram Kumar, Hanuman Singh Rathore, Radhey Shyam, Vishesh Bhriguvanshi, and Amritpal Singh.
• The Indian Women's Basketball team represents India in international tournaments.
  • Geethu Anna Rahul became the first Indian player to play professionally in Australia, representing the Ringwood Hawks from 2006-2008.
  • Prominent players: Geethu Anna Rahul, Suman Sharma, Prashanti Singh, Akanksha Singh and Anitha Pauldurai.

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