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Modern History of Bihar

By BYJU'S Exam Prep

Updated on: September 25th, 2023

Modern History of Bihar – Bihar lies in the Eastern part of India and was an important trade centre for the Britishers. The state lies in one of the most fertile lands of India that is drained by the river Ganga. Bihar is famous for its production of cotton, textile, saltpeter and indigo. The presence of such important materials led the Europeans to make the best use of them for trade purposes from ancient to medieval India.

Questions on modern history of Bihar for BPSC exam is one of the highly asked topics in both Prelims and Mains exam. Therefore, we have provided to you with the best modern history notes and PDFs for you to prepare for the BPSC exam that will help you fetch marks. You can download Modern history of Bihar Notes PDF in Hindi and English both. 

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Modern History of Bihar for BPSC – Part 1

Arrival of Europeans

  1. Portuguese – traded in spices for textiles especially cotton
  2. British – factory at Alamganj in Patna in 1620 for saltpetre, presently the East India Company factory at Gulzar Bagh is turned into govt. printing press.
  3. Dutch – interested in cotton textiles, saltpetre and food grains.
  4. Danes – established the factory at Nepali Kothi in Patna.

Battle of Buxar – 22nd October 1764:

  • British won the Battle led by Hector Munro against the combined army of Mughals under Shah Alam II; Mir Qasim, the Nawab of Bengal and Shuja-Ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Awadh.
  • Two separate Treaties were signed at Allahabad
    • With the Mughals on 12th August 1765
    • With the Nawab of Awadh on 16th August 1765.
  • Mughals and the Nawab of Bengal lost effective control of the province of Bengal constituting present-day West Bengal, Odisha, Bihar, Jharkhand, and Bangladesh.
  • The Company got Diwani Rights of these provinces i.e. collection of revenues.
  • Nawab of Awadh paid huge reparations and also ceded some of his territories.

Bihar and Bengal Famine 1770 and 1783:

  • In 1783 when famine stuck again, the then Governor-General Warren Hastings ordered for the massive dome-shaped granary of Golghar.
  • Golghar was built by Captain John Garstin in 1786.

Permanent Settlement of Zamindari System:

  • It was introduced in Bengal, Orissa, and districts of Benaras and northern districts of Madras by Lord Cornwallis.
  • Its architect was John Shore.
  • It declared Zamindars as owners of the land.
  • Zamindars could keep 1/11th of the revenue collected and give 10/11th to the British. They were free to fix the rents and exploited the tenants.
  • The rise of absentee landlords and moneylenders.
  • Later the Bengal Tenancy Act was passed in 1885 to define the rights of the tenants.

Revolt of 1857 in Bihar:

  • Governor-General – Lord Canning
  • Started on 12th June 1857 in Deoghar district (now in Jharkhand) at the headquarters of 32nd Infantry Regiment.
  • On 3rd July 1857, the revolt started in Patna under bookseller Pir Ali.
  • On 25th July 1857, the revolt started in Darbhanga which marked the beginning of the widespread revolt in Bihar.
  • Notable figure: Babu Kuwar Singh of Jagdishpur (currently in Bhojpur district) occupied Arrah and he also defeated the British with Nana Saheb at Azamgarh (UP).

Administration of Bihar by the Company:

  • East India Company created a post of Deputy Governor to administer Bihar. Raja Ram Narayan and Shitab Roy were important Deputy Governors after the Battle of Buxar.
  • Revenue Council of Patna was constituted in 1770 later replaced by the Revenue Chief of Bihar in 1781.
  • When Delhi became the capital in 1911, the province of Bihar and Orissa was carved out from Bengal making Patna its capital.
    • 22nd March 1912 Bihar was constituted.
  • Educational institutions by British:
    • Patna College
    • Patna Science College
    • Bihar College of Engineering
    • Prince of Wales Medical College
    • Patna Veterinary College
  • of India Act 1935 divided Bihar into two separate provinces of Bihar and Orissa

Home Rule League in Bihar:

  • Established in Bankipore (Patna) on 16th December 1916
  • President – Mazhar-ul-Haque
  • Vice-Presidents – Sarfaraz Hussain Khan and Purnendu Narain Sinha
  • Secretaries – Chandravanshi Sahay and Baijnath Narain Singh

Revolutionary Activities:

  • Sachindranath Sanyal – established the branch of Anushilan Samiti in Patna in 1913
  • Bankimchandra Mitra of B.N. College – managed Anushilan Samiti, formed Hindu Boys Association for teaching Vivekananda’s ideas.
  • Benaras Conspiracy Case 1915 – Sachindranath Sanyal and Bankimchandra Mitra
  • Patna Yuvak Sangh formed in 1927
  • Bihar Yuvak Sangh 1928 in Motihari – Gyan Shah
  • Patliputta Yuvak Sangh 1929 – formed in Patna by Rambriksha Benipuri and Ambika Kant Singh
  • Monthly Magazine YUVAK was started in Patna.
  • Female revolutionaries – Kusum Kumari Devi and Gauri Das
  • Limitations – religious overemphasis kept Muslims aloof, limited upper-caste involvement and lack of mass involvement made it a subject of govt. suppression

Champaran Satyagraha:

  • Raj Kumar Shukla invited Mahatma Gandhi to look into the Indigo Planters problem.
  • Gandhi’s his first Satyagraha in 1917. Other leaders Rajendra Prasad, Anugrah Narayan Singh, Mazhar-ul-Haque, Mahadeo Desai, Narhari Parikh and J B Kriplani.
  • European planters were forcing farmers to plant indigo on 3/20th of their lands called the Tinkathiya system.
  • It forced the British to appoint a committee to make the inquiry. Gandhi was also a member. He convinced the committee to abolish the Tinkathiya system and pay the peasants 25% compensation.

Modern History of Bihar Study Notes – Download PDF

You can download modern history of Bihar study notes pdf through the link that is given below. The study note for Bihar History BPSC is given in both English and Hindi.

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