Vitamin
Vitamin is a combination of two Latin words "Vita" and "amine" which means life and nitrogen, respectively. Vitamins act as a catalyst for the generation of energy by using fats and carbohydrates properly. Humans can't live without them. The human body does not produce them (except vitamin D and vitamin B3). Humans take them through different sources such as food, vitamin capsules, etc.
There are two types of Vitamin
- Fat-soluble vitamins: Which are dissolved in fat
- Water-soluble vitamins: Which are dissolved in water
Fat-Soluble Vitamins | |||
Name | Scientific Name | Food Source | Deficiencies |
Vitamin A | Retinoids | Milk, liver, nuts, tomatoes, oranges, carrots, green leafy vegetables, ripe yellow fruits, etc |
|
Vitamin D | Calciferol | Fish, egg, liver, beef, cod, chicken breast, etc |
|
Vitamin E | tocopherol | Pumpkin, guava, mango, Potatoes, Milk, nuts, seeds etc. |
|
Vitamin K | Phytomenadione | Cashew nuts, beef, tomatoes, broccoli, etc. chestnuts |
|
Water-Soluble Vitamins | |||
Name | Scientific Name | Food Source | Disease |
Vitamin C | Ascorbic acid | broccoli, sweet potato, pineapple, cauliflower, kale, lemon juice, parsley, Guava, bell pepper, kiwi, orange, grapefruit, strawberries, Brussels sprouts, cantaloupe, papaya, etc |
|
Vitamin B1 | Thiamine | Fresh fruits, potatoes, sweet potatoes, peas, corn, cashew nuts, wheat, milk, black beans, dates etc | Beriberi |
Vitamin B2 | Riboflavin | Almonds, soybeans/tempeh, mushrooms, spinach, whole wheat, yoghurt, mackerel, eggs, liver, etc. | cracks, fissures and sores at the corner of mouth and lips, dermatitis, conjunctivitis, photophobia, glossitis of tongue, anxiety, loss of appetite, and fatigue. |
Vitamin B3 | Niacin | Carrots, almonds, celery, turnips, peaches, chicken meat, tuna, salmon, mushrooms, asparagus, peanuts, brown rice, corn, green leafy vegetables, sweet potato, potato, lentil, barley, etc. | Pellagra |
Vitamin B5 | Pantothenic acid | Broccoli, lentils, split peas, avocado, whole wheat, mushrooms, sweet potato, sunflower seeds, cauliflower, etc. | Paresthesia |
Vitamin B6 | Pyridoxine | Whole wheat, brown rice, green leafy vegetables, sunflower seeds, potato, garbanzo beans, banana, trout, spinach, tomatoes, avocado, walnuts, peanut butter, etc | Anaemia |
Vitamin B7 | Biotin | Green leafy vegetables, most nuts, whole-grain bread, avocado, raspberries, cauliflower, carrots, etc. |
|
Vitamin B9 | Folic acid | Green leafy vegetables, asparagus, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, citrus fruits, black-eyed peas, spinach, great northern beans, whole grains, baked beans, etc. | Megaloblastic anaemia. |
Vitamin B12 | Cobalamin | Fortified cereals, liver, trout, salmon, tuna, haddock, egg, etc. |
Minerals help in the growth of the human body, found in nature, and their deficiency could lead to several disorders.
Minerals | Sources | Function | Deficiency |
Iodine | Asparagus, green leafy vegetables,sea vegetables, iodized salt, eggs, strawberries,etc | Essential for Healthy hair, nails, skin and teeth. Also controls the growth and weight of the body | Impairs growth and neurological development. Deficiency can also result in the decreased production of thyroid hormones and hypertrophy of the thyroid. |
Calcium | Green leafy vegetables, legumes, Milk, etc | Required for healthy bones, teeth and immune system | Long-term inadequate intake can result in low bone mineral density, rickets, osteomalacia and osteoporosis. |
Sodium | Any processed foods, whole grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, vegetables | Helps in the regulation of blood pressure and blood volume. It also helps in the proper the functioning of nerves and muscles | Low blood sodium mostly result of increased fluid retention. One may notice nausea, vomiting, headache, cramps, fatigue, and disorientation. |
Phosphorous | Seafood, corn, wild rice, nuts, seeds, whole grains, eggs, fish, buckwheat, etc. | It, along with the Calcium, is required for the formation of bones, teeth, etc. | Premature infants, those who use antacids, alcoholics etc are more at risk. |
Magnesium | Legumes, nuts, seeds, whole grains, fruits. | Magnesium plays an important role in relaying signals between your brain and body. | Very rare because of the abundance of magnesium in foods. Those with gastrointestinal disorders, kidney disorders, and alcoholism are at risk. |
CDS-I 2016
Question.1 Which of the following pairs of vitamin and disease is/are correctly matched?
1) Vitamin A: Rickets
2) Vitamin B1: Beriberi
3) Vitamin C: Scurvy
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
- 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 1, 2 and 3
NDA I 2022 Exam Courses- Click Here
More from us.
- Free Live Classes for NDA Exam, Click Here
- Attempt Unlimited Tests for NDA Exam, Click Here
- Solve Daily Quizzes for NDA NA Exams
- View Year-wise Papers of all NDA Exams
Thanks
Download the BYJU’S Exam Prep App Now
The Most Comprehensive Exam Prep App
#DreamStriveSucceed
Comments
write a comment