Conspiracy Cases in British India

Chapekar Brothers Case (1897)

Persons Responsible- Damodar, Balkrishna, and Vasudeo Chapekar
It is the first political assassination of a British officer in India post-1857 Revolt.
Aim/ Objective- The Chapekar brothers were against the atrocities of Britishers under Rand during the plague epidemic in Pune so they shot at WC Rand, Chairman of the Special Plague Committee in 1897.
All three brothers were found guilty and hanged.

Muzaffarpur Conspiracy Case/ Alipore Bomb Conspiracy Case (1908)

Persons Responsible- Prafulla Chaki, Khudiram Bose, Aurobindo Ghosh, Barin Ghosh, Kanailal Dutt (all were members of Anushilan Samiti in Calcutta), etc.
It is also known as the Muraripukur conspiracy or the Manicktolla bomb conspiracy.
The target of the bomb thrown was Douglas Kingsford, British Chief Magistrate at Muzaffarpur (Northern Bihar). But the carriage at which the bomb was targeted contained two English ladies and not Kingsford. The two women died in the attack.
Khudiram Bose was the youngest Indian who was hanged by the British.

Curzon Wyllie's Assassination (1909)

Person Responsible- Madan Lal Dhingra
Dhingra assassinated Curzon Wyllie on 1 July 1909 during an event organized by the National Indian Association at London.

Howrah Gang Case (1910)

Persons Responsible- 47 revolutionaries associated with Anushilan Samiti like Jatin Mukherjee, Narendranath Bhattacharjee
It is also known as the Howrah-Shibpur Conspiracy case.
The accused had murdered Inspector Shamsul Alam on 24 January 1910 in Calcutta. The inspector was investigating the revolutionary activities of Anushilan Samiti and also tried to link and consolidate the murders and robberies into a single case.

Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy Case (1912)

Persons Responsible- Lala Hanumant Sahai, Basant Kumar Biswas, Bhai Balmukund, Amir Chand, Avadh Behari, and Rash Behari Bose.
The persons had attempted assassination on Lord Hardinge, the then Viceroy of India. A bomb was thrown into the viceroy’s howdah (elephant-carriage) during a ceremonial procession in Delhi but he was injured.
The accused were trialed and given sentences.

Silk Letter Movement/ Tehrek e Reshmi Rumal (1913 and 1920)

Persons Responsible- Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari, Ubaidullah Sindhi and Mehmud Hasan (all were associated with Deoband Movement in India).
The Deobandi leaders attempted to begin a pan-Islamic insurrection in British India during World War I by seeking support from Ottoman Turkey, Imperial Germany, Afghanistan.
The revolutionaries were arrested by Punjab CID and were sentenced.

Peshawar Conspiracy Case (1922-1927)

Under this case, the British government ran a trial against the Mujahirs, who were attracted towards the Communist Movement of USSR and wanted to initiate the same in India.
The police authorities lodged five cases which continued from 1922 to 1927, under which the accused were given different sentences.

Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case (1924)

Persons Responsible- M N Roy, Muzaffar Ahamed, S A Dange, Shaukat Usmani, Nalini Gupta, Singaravelu Chettiar, Ghulam Hussain
All persons want to bring the Communist Movement in India and were tried for conspiring against the Government.

Kakori Conspiracy (1925)

Persons Responsible- Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Chandrashekhar Azad, Rajendra Lahiri, Thakur Roshan Singh and others (all associated with Hindustan Republican Association).
The Hindustan Republican Association was later renamed as Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.
The revolutionaries had looted the train which carrying money bags belonged to the British government.

Meerut Conspiracy Case (1929)

Persons Responsible- Muzafr Ahamed, S.A Dange, S.V Ghate, Dr. G Adhikari, P.C.Joshi, S.S.Mirajkar, Shaukat Usmani, Philip Stratt etc.
The British government arrested 31 labor leaders including three Englishmen who were arrested on the charge of conspiracy to overthrow the British Government of India through strikes and other militant methods.

Chittagong Armoury Raid (1930)

Persons Responsible- Surya Sen, Ganesh Ghosh, Lokenath Bal, Pritilata Waddedar, Kalpana Dutta, Ambika Chakraborty, Subodh Roy, etc.
Under the leadership of Sen, the revolutionaries raided the police armoury and the auxiliary forces armoury in Chittagong (now in Bangladesh).
After the raid, Surya Sen hoisted the Indian flag at the police armoury.
Later many revolutionaries escaped but some were caught and tried while Surya Sen was sentenced to death by hanging.

Dalhousie Square Bomb Case (1930)

Person Responsible- Danish Chandhra Majumdar
Majumdar threw a bomb on Charles Tegart, Calcutta Police Commissioner on 25 August 1930. But Tegart was unharmed.
Later he was caught and tried for conspiracy.

Central Assembly Bomb Case (1929) & Lahore Conspiracy Case (1931)

Persons Responsible- Bhagat Singh, Batukeshwar Dutt, Sukhdev, Rajguru, Bhagwati Prasad Vohra, Chandra Sekhar Azad.
The revolutionaries of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) sought to draw attention to their revolution by throwing a bomb along with leaflets in the Assembly House at Delhi.
Their intention was not to hurt anyone but to popularise their revolutionary activities and philosophy.
Bhagat Singh and other revolutionaries were also trialed for the murder of JP Saunders (British police officer). This case was called the Lahore Conspiracy Case.
After the trial, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru were sentenced and executed by hanging in March 1931, while different sentences were given to other revolutionaries.

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