To explain about the Syllogism we first need to understand what are Proposition. Proposition is a grammatical sentence comprising of four components, namely:
- Quantifier: The words which specify a quantity are called quantifiers like, some, all, no etc.
- Subject : That part about which something is said.
- Predicate: That part of the proposition which is affirmed detail about the subject.
- Copula: It is that part of the proposition that denotes the relation between subject and predicate.
Syllogism means inference or deduction. These deductions are based on propositions. Different types of questions covered in this chapter are as follows:
(1) Two statements and two conclusions
(2) Three Statements and two or more conclusions
(3) Four Statements and Two or more conclusions
Type of propositions in Syllogism: There are 4 types of propositions in syllogism. We will also explain their Venn diagram representation to give a better understanding about these propositions.
(1) A-Type Propositions (All A are B)
(2) E Type (No A is B)
(3) I Type (Some A are B)
(4) O Type ( Some A are not B)
Inferences that can be drawn from these statements are of two types:
(1) Immediate Inference : When inference is drawn from a single from a single sentence then those type of inferences are immediate inferences.
(2) Mediate Inference : When inferences are drawn from 2 sentences then the those inferences are mediate inference.
In this article we will talk about the mediate inference.
Methods to draw immediate inferences :
There are various methods to find the immediate inferences, but we will read only about two as asked in the exams. These two methods are:
Method I (Implications)
While drawing the inference through this method, Subject remains the subject and predicate remains the predicate
Method II (Conversion)
In this method subject become the predicate and predicate becomes the subject.
Following are the conclusions that are drawn by Implication and Conversion method:
In the given table, we can see what will be the inferences if one of the mentioned Preposition is given.
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