Successive Percentage
Concept 1
1. A+B+AB/100 When A and B both are the positive change
2. A-B-AB/100 When A is positive change and B is a negative change
3. -A+B-AB/100 When A is negative change and B is a positive change.
4. -A-B+AB/100 When A and B both are the negative change.
Important: There is no need to remember the above formulas, you have to just remember
±A ± B ±AB/100 and put the sign of change, if negative, then (-) and positive then, (+) but keep in mind that sign of AB is the product of signs of A and B.
Example1: The price of a book is reduced by 10% and the sale of the book is increased by 15%. Find the net effect on revenue.
Example2: If the length and breadth of a rectangle are increased by 5% and 8% respectively. Find the % change in the area of the rectangle.
Concept 2:
New solution × new % = old solution × old %
This formula is applicable to the commodity which is constant in the solution or mixture, its quantity doesn’t change after mixing in solution.
Example3: A mixture of sand and water contains 20% sand by weight. Of it, 12 kg of water is evaporated and the mixture now contains 30% sand.
Solution: In this sand is constant in the mixture. So we will apply this formula on the sand, not on the water.
(a)Find the original mixture.
Let the original mixture is P kg, So new mixture = (P-12) kg
old% = 20 and new % = 30
new solution × new % = old solution × old %
(P-12)× 30% = P × 20%
3P – 36 = 2P
P = 36 Kg.
(b) Find the quantity of sand and water in the original mixture.
Quantity of sand in original mixture = 20% of 36 = 7.2 Kg
Quantity of water in original mixture = 80% 0f 36 = 28.8 Kg
OR = Quantity of mixture – quantity of sand = 36 -7.2 = 28.8 Kg
Example 4: 30 litres of a mixture of alcohol and water contains 20% alcohol. How many litres of water must be added to make the alcohol 15% in the new mixture?
Solution: only water is added to the mixture so, there is no change in alcohol. We will apply the above formula on alcohol. Let water added is P litres.
Old mixture = 30 litres, old % of alcohol = 20%
New mixture = 30+P litres, new % of alcohol = 15
using, new solution × new % = old solution × old %
(30+P) × 15% = 30 × 20%
P = 10 litres , hence 10 litres of water is added.
Concept 3:
Example 5: If the price of milk increased by 25%, by how much percent must Rahul decrease his consumption, so as his expenditure remains the same.
Solution: Let the price of milk is 20 Rs/litre and Rahul consumes 1-litre milk.
Expenditure of Rahul = price × consumption
Now price of milk is increased by 25%, so the new price is (125/100)× 20 = 25 Rs.
but his expenditure remains the same
So, new consumption × new price = old price × old consumption
new consumption × 25 = 20 × old consumption
new consumption =(20/25) × old consumption
new consumption% = (20/25)× old consumption × 100
new consumption% = 80% of old consumption
decrease in consumption = 20 %
Using the above trick: Given, price % is increased so the sign will be (+) and consumption % will decrease.
Decrease in consumption =(25/125) × 100 = 20%
Example 6: If the price of milk decreases by 25%, by how much percent must Rahul increase his consumption, so as his expenditure remains the same.
Solution: Let the price of milk is 20 Rs/litre and Rahul consumes 1-litre milk.
Expenditure of Rahul = price × consumption
Now the price of milk is decreased by 25%, so the new price is × 20 = 15 Rs.
but his expenditure remains the same
So, new consumption × new price = old price × old consumption
new consumption × 15 = 20 × old consumption
new consumption = (20/15)× old consumption
new consumption% = (20/15)× old consumption × 100
new consumption% = 133(1/3)% of old consumption
increase in consumption = 33(1/3) %
Using the above trick: given price % is decreased so the sign will be (-) and consumption % will increase.
Increase in consumption = (25/75) x 100 = 33(1/3)%
Concept 4:
Example 7: The population of a town is 6000. It increases 10% during the 1st year, increases 25% during the 2nd year and then again decreases by 10% during the 3rd year. What is the population after 3 years?
Example 8: The population of a village increases by 10% during the first year, decreased by 12% during the 2nd year and again decreased by 15% during the 3rd year. If the population at the end of the 3rd year is 2057.
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