ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING : Quality of water Notes

Quality control of Water Supplies

Total Solid and Suspended Solid

Acceptable limit of total solid = 500 mg/lit

Threshold odour number

where TON = Threshold odor number

constituents of Alkalinity

 Major sources

 Minor sources  

(a)

Equivalent weight of

(b)

(c)

where

Value of water for For strong acid.

 Value of water for For strong Base

For neutral solution

Hardness of water

(a)

Where,

 atomic weight of Ca = 40

 atomic weight of Mg = 24

 atomic weight of O = 16

 atomic weight C = 12

 valency of Ca = 2

 Valency of Mg = 2

(b)

(c)

 Note: -ve value is taken as zero.

(d) Hardness

Household supplies limit 74-115 mg/l

(e) The acceptable limit of hardness = 200 mg/lit as  CaCO₃

and cause of rejection is 600 mg/lit as CaCO₃

 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)

whereof 5 days

DO_i -DO_f =Loss of oxygen in mg/lit.

DO_i= Initial dissolved oxygen concentration in the diluted sample

 DO_f =Final dissolved oxygen concentration in the diluted sample.

 (After 5 day of incubation of 20^oC)

•   Turbidity>5 units–detectable by naked eye.
• In Nephlometer, turbidity is expressed in FTU.

Biological WQP

 Testing of Colliforms is done

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