Engineering Economy costing,estimation & valuation Notes

By Saurabh Kumar|Updated : December 21st, 2021

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     

  1. MEASUREMENT OF MATERIAL AND WORKS

The units of measurements are mainly categorized for their nature, shape and size and for making payments to the contractor and also. The units of various items of work are specified in the following table:

S No.

Particulars of Item

Unit of measurement

1.

Earthwork

(i) Earthwork in excavation

(ii) earthwork in filling in foundation trenches

(iii) Earthwork in filling in plinth

 

Cum

Cum

cum

2.

Concrete

(i) concrete in foundation

(ii) Cement concrete in beam, slab

(iii) Lime concrete in roof terracing (Thickness specified)

(iv) Cement concrete in Lintels

 

 

Cum

Cum

Sqm

 

cum

3.

Damp proof course (Thickness specified)

sqm

4.

Brick work

(i) Brickwork in foundation

(ii) Brickwork in superstructure

(iii) Thin partition walls

(iv) reinforced brick work

(v) One brick thick wall (Thickness specified)

 

Cum

Cum

Cum

Cum

sqm

5.

Stone work

cum

6.

Wood work

(i) doors and windows frames and chowkhats

(ii) Shutters of doors and windows (thickness specified)

(iii) doors and windows fitting (Hinges, handels etc.)

 

Cum

Sqm

 

Number

7.

Steel work

(i) Steel reinforcement bars

(ii) rivet, bolt and nuts

(iii) Binding of steel reinforcement

(iv) Iron hold fast

(v) Iron railing

(vi) iron grills, iron gate and shutters

 

Quintal

Quintal

Quintal

Quintal

Quintal

sqm

8.

Roofing

(i) RCC slab roof

(ii) LC roofs over bricks or stone slab (Thickness specified)

(iii) Centering and shuttering form work

(iv) AC sheet roofing

 

Cum

Sqm

Sqm

sqm

9.

Plastering, pointing and finishing

(i) Plastering, cement or lime mortar (Thickness specified)

(ii) Pointing

(iii) White washing, colour washing (Number of coats specified)

(iv) Distempering, painting and varnishing

(Number of coats specified)

 

Sqm

 

Sqm

Sqm

 

sqm

10.

Flooring

(i) 25 mm or 40 mm CC floor

(ii) Doors and window sills

(iii) 25 mm CC over 75 mm LC floor

 

Sqm

Sqm

Sqm

11.

Steel wooden trusses

No

12.

Glass panels

sqm

13.

Fixing of Glass panels

No.

 

  1. TURNOUT OF WORK
  • It is defined as capacity of doing work by a skilled labour.
  • Expressed in the form of quantity of work per day

The approximate quantity of work for an average skilled labour is given in the table below:

S No.

Particulars of Item

Quantity per day

1.

Brickwork in lime/cement mortar

(i) in foundation and plinth

(ii) in superstructures

(iii) in arches

1.25 cum per mason

1 cum per person

0.55 cum per person

2.

RCC work

3 cum per person

3.

Plastering, pointing and finishing

(i) 12 mm plaster with cement/lime mortar

(ii) Pointing with cement/lime mortar

(iii) Painting and varnishing doors and windows (one coat)

(iv) Distempering one coat

(v) 2.5 cm CC floor

8 sqm per person

10 sqm per person

25 sqm per person

35 sqm per person

7.50 sqm per person

4.

Cement concrete (1:2:4)

5 cum per person

6.

Wood work

(i) sawing hard wood

(ii) Sawing soft wood

(iii) Timber framing sal or teak wood

4 sqm per person

6 sqm per person

0.07 cum per person

7.

Earthwork

(i) in excavation in ordinary soil

(ii) in excavation in hard soil

(iii) in excavation in rock

(iv) sand filling in plinth

3 cum per person

2 cum per person

1 cum per person

4 cum per person

 


 

  1. CALCULATION OF QUANTITY OF ITEM OF WORK

The analysis of rates is worked out for the unit payment of the particular item of work under two heads: Materials and Labour.

The cost of items of work = Material cost + Labour cost

Other costs included to the above cost of items of work are:

(i) Tools and Plants (T & P) = 2.5 to 3 % of the labour cost

(ii) Transportation cost (if conveyance more than 8 km)

(iii) Water charges = 1.5 to 2% 0f total cost

(iv) Overhead charges = 1.5 to 2% of total cost.

(v) Contractor’s profit = 10 %

  1. BAR BENDING SCHEDULE
  • Bar bending schedule is a list of reinforcement bars in RCC work.
  • It is presented in tabular form for easy visual reference.

The standard length of one hook is taken as 9 times the diameter of bar

Total length of straight bar hooked at both ends = L + 18D

Where, D is the diameter of bar

For 45˚ cranked or bent up bar:

The additional length of one bent up is 0.42d 

Note: In the absence of detailed design, the percentage of steel in concrete may be taken as

  • Lintel, slab etc. – 0.7 to 1%
  • Beams – 1 to 2%
  • Columns – 1 to 5%
  • Foundation, raft, footing etc. – 0.5 to 0.8%

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