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Reading Comprehension || RC PRACTICE SET - 22 || CAT 2021 || 2 JUNE

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Question 1

Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the these.

It should come as no surprise that a serious lack of sleep, or seriously disturbed sleep, is one of the most common symptoms of depression among adolescents. This is true for adults too, with 92% of people with depression complaining of sleep difficulties. What is perhaps less intuitive is that problems with sleeping might start before the depression, raising the risk of mental health problems in the future.

In a study published in 2020, examined data from a large group of teenagers followed from the age of 15 to 24. Those who reported sleeping badly at the age of 15, but didn't have depression or anxiety at the time, were more likely than their peers to be experiencing anxiety or depression when they reached 17, 21 or 24 years of age.

With adults too, sleep problems can be a predictor of future depression. A meta-analysis of 34 studies, which between them followed 150,000 people over a period of between three months and 34 years, found that if people had sleep problems, their relative risk of suffering depression later in life doubled.

But you can see why in some cases poor sleep might contribute to poor mental health. A deficit of sleep has well-established negative effects on us, including a tendency to withdraw from friends and family, a lack of motivation and increased irritability, all of which can affect the quality of a person's relationships, putting them at greater risk of depression. A lack of sleep can also lead to increased inflammation in the body, which has been implicated in mental health difficulties.

Researchers are now examining the relationship between sleep disorders and other mental health conditions. The eminent Oxford University neuroscientist has found that this link doesn't only occur in depression. Disruption to circadian rhythms, i.e., the natural sleep-wake cycle – is not uncommon among people with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. In some cases, the body clock can become so out of sync that people find themselves awake all night and asleep during the day.

Source: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20210305

As per the passage, what does 92% of people with depression also complain about?

Question 2

Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the these.

It should come as no surprise that a serious lack of sleep, or seriously disturbed sleep, is one of the most common symptoms of depression among adolescents. This is true for adults too, with 92% of people with depression complaining of sleep difficulties. What is perhaps less intuitive is that problems with sleeping might start before the depression, raising the risk of mental health problems in the future.

In a study published in 2020, examined data from a large group of teenagers followed from the age of 15 to 24. Those who reported sleeping badly at the age of 15, but didn't have depression or anxiety at the time, were more likely than their peers to be experiencing anxiety or depression when they reached 17, 21 or 24 years of age.

With adults too, sleep problems can be a predictor of future depression. A meta-analysis of 34 studies, which between them followed 150,000 people over a period of between three months and 34 years, found that if people had sleep problems, their relative risk of suffering depression later in life doubled.

But you can see why in some cases poor sleep might contribute to poor mental health. A deficit of sleep has well-established negative effects on us, including a tendency to withdraw from friends and family, a lack of motivation and increased irritability, all of which can affect the quality of a person's relationships, putting them at greater risk of depression. A lack of sleep can also lead to increased inflammation in the body, which has been implicated in mental health difficulties.

Researchers are now examining the relationship between sleep disorders and other mental health conditions. The eminent Oxford University neuroscientist has found that this link doesn't only occur in depression. Disruption to circadian rhythms, i.e., the natural sleep-wake cycle – is not uncommon among people with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. In some cases, the body clock can become so out of sync that people find themselves awake all night and asleep during the day.

Source: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20210305

Which of the following, as per the passage, can be a result of lack of sleep?

I. Lack of motivation to do anything in life.

II. Increase in irritability and a disrupted mood.

III. Inflammation of the body.

Question 3

Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the these.

It should come as no surprise that a serious lack of sleep, or seriously disturbed sleep, is one of the most common symptoms of depression among adolescents. This is true for adults too, with 92% of people with depression complaining of sleep difficulties. What is perhaps less intuitive is that problems with sleeping might start before the depression, raising the risk of mental health problems in the future.

In a study published in 2020, examined data from a large group of teenagers followed from the age of 15 to 24. Those who reported sleeping badly at the age of 15, but didn't have depression or anxiety at the time, were more likely than their peers to be experiencing anxiety or depression when they reached 17, 21 or 24 years of age.

With adults too, sleep problems can be a predictor of future depression. A meta-analysis of 34 studies, which between them followed 150,000 people over a period of between three months and 34 years, found that if people had sleep problems, their relative risk of suffering depression later in life doubled.

But you can see why in some cases poor sleep might contribute to poor mental health. A deficit of sleep has well-established negative effects on us, including a tendency to withdraw from friends and family, a lack of motivation and increased irritability, all of which can affect the quality of a person's relationships, putting them at greater risk of depression. A lack of sleep can also lead to increased inflammation in the body, which has been implicated in mental health difficulties.

Researchers are now examining the relationship between sleep disorders and other mental health conditions. The eminent Oxford University neuroscientist has found that this link doesn't only occur in depression. Disruption to circadian rhythms, i.e., the natural sleep-wake cycle – is not uncommon among people with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. In some cases, the body clock can become so out of sync that people find themselves awake all night and asleep during the day.

Source: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20210305

Which of the following statements is/are true as per the passage?

I. Sleep problems can predict a future case of depression.

II. Problems with sleeping always start after depression.

III. Lack of sleep can affect our relationship with friends and family.

Question 4

Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the these.

It should come as no surprise that a serious lack of sleep, or seriously disturbed sleep, is one of the most common symptoms of depression among adolescents. This is true for adults too, with 92% of people with depression complaining of sleep difficulties. What is perhaps less intuitive is that problems with sleeping might start before the depression, raising the risk of mental health problems in the future.

In a study published in 2020, examined data from a large group of teenagers followed from the age of 15 to 24. Those who reported sleeping badly at the age of 15, but didn't have depression or anxiety at the time, were more likely than their peers to be experiencing anxiety or depression when they reached 17, 21 or 24 years of age.

With adults too, sleep problems can be a predictor of future depression. A meta-analysis of 34 studies, which between them followed 150,000 people over a period of between three months and 34 years, found that if people had sleep problems, their relative risk of suffering depression later in life doubled.

But you can see why in some cases poor sleep might contribute to poor mental health. A deficit of sleep has well-established negative effects on us, including a tendency to withdraw from friends and family, a lack of motivation and increased irritability, all of which can affect the quality of a person's relationships, putting them at greater risk of depression. A lack of sleep can also lead to increased inflammation in the body, which has been implicated in mental health difficulties.

Researchers are now examining the relationship between sleep disorders and other mental health conditions. The eminent Oxford University neuroscientist has found that this link doesn't only occur in depression. Disruption to circadian rhythms, i.e., the natural sleep-wake cycle – is not uncommon among people with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. In some cases, the body clock can become so out of sync that people find themselves awake all night and asleep during the day.

Source: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20210305

What, according to the passage, can be the definition the circadian rhythm?

Question 5

Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the these.

It should come as no surprise that a serious lack of sleep, or seriously disturbed sleep, is one of the most common symptoms of depression among adolescents. This is true for adults too, with 92% of people with depression complaining of sleep difficulties. What is perhaps less intuitive is that problems with sleeping might start before the depression, raising the risk of mental health problems in the future.

In a study published in 2020, examined data from a large group of teenagers followed from the age of 15 to 24. Those who reported sleeping badly at the age of 15, but didn't have depression or anxiety at the time, were more likely than their peers to be experiencing anxiety or depression when they reached 17, 21 or 24 years of age.

With adults too, sleep problems can be a predictor of future depression. A meta-analysis of 34 studies, which between them followed 150,000 people over a period of between three months and 34 years, found that if people had sleep problems, their relative risk of suffering depression later in life doubled.

But you can see why in some cases poor sleep might contribute to poor mental health. A deficit of sleep has well-established negative effects on us, including a tendency to withdraw from friends and family, a lack of motivation and increased irritability, all of which can affect the quality of a person's relationships, putting them at greater risk of depression. A lack of sleep can also lead to increased inflammation in the body, which has been implicated in mental health difficulties.

Researchers are now examining the relationship between sleep disorders and other mental health conditions. The eminent Oxford University neuroscientist has found that this link doesn't only occur in depression. Disruption to circadian rhythms, i.e., the natural sleep-wake cycle – is not uncommon among people with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. In some cases, the body clock can become so out of sync that people find themselves awake all night and asleep during the day.

Source: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20210305

What can be the possible title of the passage?

Question 6

Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the these.

The word surveillance is binary in nature, derived from the French verb “to watch over.” As in, watching over an individual or individuals to keep them safe, but also watching over them to ensure that they meet a certain standard of behaviour. Conceptually, surveillance both enables and constrains. It is used both to protect and to control.

Every society that has established norms has also established mechanisms to enforce those norms. Surveillance, in this regard, is a necessary tool—part of our common machinery that disregards the privacy of individuals and groups to protect the rights of other individuals and groups. Any conversation about surveillance must recognize this reality. Parents watch children. Police officers watch public spaces. Employers watch employees.

Because there will never be a society in which every individual obeys every rule while also side-stepping every tension and taboo, authorities will always employ some kind of process to ensure a degree of social and cultural conformity. And that process will inevitably violate someone’s—or everyone’s—privacy. It’s just part of the modern social contract. But surveillance can also be used to serve sinister ends. And precisely because surveillance is a powerful tool of social control, societies tend to impose limits on the ability of authorities to place individuals under surveillance against their will or without their knowledge. Among the cornerstones of liberal democratic practice is the necessary curtailment of surveillance claims made by monarchs and municipal authorities. The history of surveillance in any society is the story of the interplay between these two tendencies: a positive conception of surveillance as a necessary means of social control and a negative conception of it as a tool used to constrain liberty and privacy.

source: Surveillance is a fact of life, so make privacy a human right

Given below is a possible inference that can be drawn from the facts stated in the first paragraph. You have to examine the inference in the context of the passage and decide upon its degree of truth or falsity.

We would never know the true extent of control surveillance has over the society.

Question 7

Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the these.

The word surveillance is binary in nature, derived from the French verb “to watch over.” As in, watching over an individual or individuals to keep them safe, but also watching over them to ensure that they meet a certain standard of behaviour. Conceptually, surveillance both enables and constrains. It is used both to protect and to control.

Every society that has established norms has also established mechanisms to enforce those norms. Surveillance, in this regard, is a necessary tool—part of our common machinery that disregards the privacy of individuals and groups to protect the rights of other individuals and groups. Any conversation about surveillance must recognize this reality. Parents watch children. Police officers watch public spaces. Employers watch employees.

Because there will never be a society in which every individual obeys every rule while also side-stepping every tension and taboo, authorities will always employ some kind of process to ensure a degree of social and cultural conformity. And that process will inevitably violate someone’s—or everyone’s—privacy. It’s just part of the modern social contract. But surveillance can also be used to serve sinister ends. And precisely because surveillance is a powerful tool of social control, societies tend to impose limits on the ability of authorities to place individuals under surveillance against their will or without their knowledge. Among the cornerstones of liberal democratic practice is the necessary curtailment of surveillance claims made by monarchs and municipal authorities. The history of surveillance in any society is the story of the interplay between these two tendencies: a positive conception of surveillance as a necessary means of social control and a negative conception of it as a tool used to constrain liberty and privacy.

source: Surveillance is a fact of life, so make privacy a human right

Which of the following is not an assumption that supports the arguments presented in the second paragraph?

Question 8

Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the these.

The word surveillance is binary in nature, derived from the French verb “to watch over.” As in, watching over an individual or individuals to keep them safe, but also watching over them to ensure that they meet a certain standard of behaviour. Conceptually, surveillance both enables and constrains. It is used both to protect and to control.

Every society that has established norms has also established mechanisms to enforce those norms. Surveillance, in this regard, is a necessary tool—part of our common machinery that disregards the privacy of individuals and groups to protect the rights of other individuals and groups. Any conversation about surveillance must recognize this reality. Parents watch children. Police officers watch public spaces. Employers watch employees.

Because there will never be a society in which every individual obeys every rule while also side-stepping every tension and taboo, authorities will always employ some kind of process to ensure a degree of social and cultural conformity. And that process will inevitably violate someone’s—or everyone’s—privacy. It’s just part of the modern social contract. But surveillance can also be used to serve sinister ends. And precisely because surveillance is a powerful tool of social control, societies tend to impose limits on the ability of authorities to place individuals under surveillance against their will or without their knowledge. Among the cornerstones of liberal democratic practice is the necessary curtailment of surveillance claims made by monarchs and municipal authorities. The history of surveillance in any society is the story of the interplay between these two tendencies: a positive conception of surveillance as a necessary means of social control and a negative conception of it as a tool used to constrain liberty and privacy.

source: Surveillance is a fact of life, so make privacy a human right

Which of the following statement (s) is/are NOT TRUE in accordance with the information provided in the passage?

I. Individuals are pitted against each other by surveillance systems.

II. Surveillance by machines tend to make less mistakes.

III. Society has exchanged the loss of privacy for social order.

Question 9

Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the these.

The word surveillance is binary in nature, derived from the French verb “to watch over.” As in, watching over an individual or individuals to keep them safe, but also watching over them to ensure that they meet a certain standard of behaviour. Conceptually, surveillance both enables and constrains. It is used both to protect and to control.

Every society that has established norms has also established mechanisms to enforce those norms. Surveillance, in this regard, is a necessary tool—part of our common machinery that disregards the privacy of individuals and groups to protect the rights of other individuals and groups. Any conversation about surveillance must recognize this reality. Parents watch children. Police officers watch public spaces. Employers watch employees.

Because there will never be a society in which every individual obeys every rule while also side-stepping every tension and taboo, authorities will always employ some kind of process to ensure a degree of social and cultural conformity. And that process will inevitably violate someone’s—or everyone’s—privacy. It’s just part of the modern social contract. But surveillance can also be used to serve sinister ends. And precisely because surveillance is a powerful tool of social control, societies tend to impose limits on the ability of authorities to place individuals under surveillance against their will or without their knowledge. Among the cornerstones of liberal democratic practice is the necessary curtailment of surveillance claims made by monarchs and municipal authorities. The history of surveillance in any society is the story of the interplay between these two tendencies: a positive conception of surveillance as a necessary means of social control and a negative conception of it as a tool used to constrain liberty and privacy.

source: Surveillance is a fact of life, so make privacy a human right

Which of the following is/are correctly inferred from the given passage?

I. Surveillance has merely changed its form, not the intent.

II. Defiance is the nature of human beings.

III. Only the authority can be trusted with surveillance.

Question 10

Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of the these.

The word surveillance is binary in nature, derived from the French verb “to watch over.” As in, watching over an individual or individuals to keep them safe, but also watching over them to ensure that they meet a certain standard of behaviour. Conceptually, surveillance both enables and constrains. It is used both to protect and to control.

Every society that has established norms has also established mechanisms to enforce those norms. Surveillance, in this regard, is a necessary tool—part of our common machinery that disregards the privacy of individuals and groups to protect the rights of other individuals and groups. Any conversation about surveillance must recognize this reality. Parents watch children. Police officers watch public spaces. Employers watch employees.

Because there will never be a society in which every individual obeys every rule while also side-stepping every tension and taboo, authorities will always employ some kind of process to ensure a degree of social and cultural conformity. And that process will inevitably violate someone’s—or everyone’s—privacy. It’s just part of the modern social contract. But surveillance can also be used to serve sinister ends. And precisely because surveillance is a powerful tool of social control, societies tend to impose limits on the ability of authorities to place individuals under surveillance against their will or without their knowledge. Among the cornerstones of liberal democratic practice is the necessary curtailment of surveillance claims made by monarchs and municipal authorities. The history of surveillance in any society is the story of the interplay between these two tendencies: a positive conception of surveillance as a necessary means of social control and a negative conception of it as a tool used to constrain liberty and privacy.

source: Surveillance is a fact of life, so make privacy a human right

Which of the following is the MOST SIMILAR in meaning to the given word as used in the passage?

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