The Istanbul Convention: A legal bond for gender & sex equality, especially for women.

OBJECTIVE: To bring out crimes against women. And to empowering women.

INTRODUCTION:

The holistic approach to combating violence against women:

• PROTECTION
• PREVENTION
• Istanbul Convention
• INTEGRATED
• POLICIES
• PROSECUTION

Recently, the President of Turkey, "Rechap Tayyip Ergoan," announced that Turkey would no longer be a part of the Istanbul Convention. The first international treaty globally has a legal winding effect of preventing violent crimes against women. In this, whichever country signs it will have to implement the policy of equal punishment for women's rights in their country.

Since the 1990s, in the direction of gender equality, different organizations in different countries of Europe have formed the most comprehensive legal framework or an "international legal bonding agreement" called the Istanbul Convention. This convention decided that all countries will have to work together to stop crimes against women. It was made in 2011 and came into force in 2014.

COUNCIL OF EUROPE & EUROPEAN UNION:

Council of Europe Convention is recognition of the Istanbul Convention. It focused on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence to give women a safe ecology and environment.

• Council of Europe is composed of 47 members while the EU is composed of 27, in which 34 out of 47 countries have either signed this or ratify this on their countries. 
• The Council of Europe focused on cultural establishment primarily treated with strengthening and increasing consciousness on human rights to its members.
• The European Union has a political entity that acts as one unified nation in the bigger world market. It leans more on performing business strategies.
• The Council of Europe requires its members to maintain its good standing of democracy and human rights.
• The European Union requires its members to maintain a commendable modern realization that will help elevate the status of the entire Union apart from pulling it downward. 

Major offenses have been reported in this convention:

• Sexual violence
• Psychological violence
• Physical violence
• Stalking

MAJOR ISSUES TO WITHDRAWAL OF TURKEY:

For a long time, there was opposition to the Istanbul Convention in Conservative countries where religious values significantly impact. They said that third gender, transgender, and LGBT communities are getting more liberty. Due to which family values are getting weakened.

Because of this, there is a difference between eastern and western European countries. The influence of the Roman Catholic Church in eastern European countries is still there. Due to which some political parties felt that it was interfering with their traditional values. One of which is also Turkey.

Turkish traditionalists argue their principles of gender equality and non-discrimination based on sexual orientation undermine family values and promote homosexuality. After six years of smooth implementation, Rechap Tayyip Ergoan said about the withdrawal of Turkey from the Istanbul Convention as it may be good at the international level. Still, it affects our moral ethics and family values. In contrast, the agreement was first made on the capital of turkey, i.e., Istanbul. Hence, somewhere it is questionable for its legitimacy.

CRITICISM:

• Some countries considered the definition too broad and feared that it could be interpreted to allow for a third gender.
• There is no explicit mention of the term intersex and transgender within the Istanbul convention.
• To include pedagogical stuff on non-stereotyped gender roles.

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