Mega English Weekly Revision Quiz || MH-CET 2021 II 27 June for CAT & MBA Exams

Question 1

Direction: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of these.
There are few places in the world more beautiful than the landscape of salmon-rich rivers that flow into Bristol Bay, Alaska. I arrived there seven years ago not as a sportsman or eco-tourist, as most visitors do, but as a chief executive, fearful that the company I led would be seen as complicit in the destruction of this remarkable place. My colleagues and I travelled to Bristol Bay in 2008 to encounter first-hand the land and people put in harm’s way by the proposed Pebble Mine.
This vast open-pit gold and copper mine and its toxic waste would pollute miles of pristine streams and thousands of wilderness acres that sustain the world’s largest sockeye salmon fishery, which supports thousands of jobs, all in pursuit of the gold from which Tiffany & Company made jewellery. The conclusion we reached was inescapable: No amount of corporate profit or share price value could justify our participation, however indirectly, in the degradation of such indescribable beauty. Beyond pledging not to use gold produced by the Pebble Mine, we became vocal opponents of mine development there.
Even now, however, the future of Bristol Bay remains uncertain. For the time being, global mining giants have abandoned the Pebble project, and local opposition to the mine is strong and growing. The Environmental Protection Agency has invoked its powers under the Clean Water Act to review the project’s potential impact, but mine proponents are challenging the agency’s actions in court.
The threat to Bristol Bay exemplifies a far larger issue: the enormous human and environmental cost of irresponsible mining. I am saddened to realize how little progress the jewelry industry has made in ensuring that the precious metals and gemstones on which it relies are extracted and processed in ways that are socially and environmentally responsible. The industry has a better record on conflict diamonds, and we can take comfort that some of the worst abuses are behind us. But the extraction of diamonds is still associated with human rights violations and economic exploitation. But diamonds are not the only problem. Few meaningful standards exist for the responsible mining of other types of gemstones. Precious-metal mining too often leaves a legacy of poisoned lands and waters. New mine development threatens to destroy valuable cultural resources and some of the world’s most extraordinary landscapes.
A few global brands (including Tiffany & Company) have developed policies of responsible sourcing, charting a more sustainable course. But the whole jewellery industry must come together if it is to win acceptance from its customers for its global social and environmental footprint. Having led a company that for the past 20 years has been an ardent advocate for higher standards of conduct, I am convinced that the only way forward for the jewellery business in particular, and for extractive industries in general, is through third-party certification mechanisms that establish rigorous standards for the mining of precious metals and gemstones. This needs to be a system that involves all stakeholders, including community organizations, and not just industry representatives in its conception and governance.
It must set standards that go far beyond today’s lowest-common-denominator regulations. Good intentions are not enough; these standards must be transparent, auditable and mine-specific, with on-the-ground performance metrics. The certification system of the Forest Stewardship Council, which counts hundreds of environmental groups, industry representatives and labor organizations among its members and has promoted sustainable forestry management for more than 20 years, offers a credible model.
The standards must enforce respect for human rights and require the informed consent of host communities before mine development. They should also prevent the location of mines in protected areas, or areas of ecological or cultural value. These standards would prohibit the pollution of land, water or air and the release of toxic materials — specifically, the dumping of mine tailings in rivers, lakes or oceans. And they would require, in advance, full financial provision to cover the costs of mine closure and reclamation. Jewelry and watch retailers, as well as brand owners, must cooperate to make the mining sector that supplies the materials on which they depend more transparent and responsible.
Source: www.nytimes.com

What is/are the suggestion/s given by the author of the above passage in order to curb the environmental damage from jewellery business?

Question 2

Direction: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of these.
There are few places in the world more beautiful than the landscape of salmon-rich rivers that flow into Bristol Bay, Alaska. I arrived there seven years ago not as a sportsman or eco-tourist, as most visitors do, but as a chief executive, fearful that the company I led would be seen as complicit in the destruction of this remarkable place. My colleagues and I travelled to Bristol Bay in 2008 to encounter first-hand the land and people put in harm’s way by the proposed Pebble Mine.
This vast open-pit gold and copper mine and its toxic waste would pollute miles of pristine streams and thousands of wilderness acres that sustain the world’s largest sockeye salmon fishery, which supports thousands of jobs, all in pursuit of the gold from which Tiffany & Company made jewellery. The conclusion we reached was inescapable: No amount of corporate profit or share price value could justify our participation, however indirectly, in the degradation of such indescribable beauty. Beyond pledging not to use gold produced by the Pebble Mine, we became vocal opponents of mine development there.
Even now, however, the future of Bristol Bay remains uncertain. For the time being, global mining giants have abandoned the Pebble project, and local opposition to the mine is strong and growing. The Environmental Protection Agency has invoked its powers under the Clean Water Act to review the project’s potential impact, but mine proponents are challenging the agency’s actions in court.
The threat to Bristol Bay exemplifies a far larger issue: the enormous human and environmental cost of irresponsible mining. I am saddened to realize how little progress the jewelry industry has made in ensuring that the precious metals and gemstones on which it relies are extracted and processed in ways that are socially and environmentally responsible. The industry has a better record on conflict diamonds, and we can take comfort that some of the worst abuses are behind us. But the extraction of diamonds is still associated with human rights violations and economic exploitation. But diamonds are not the only problem. Few meaningful standards exist for the responsible mining of other types of gemstones. Precious-metal mining too often leaves a legacy of poisoned lands and waters. New mine development threatens to destroy valuable cultural resources and some of the world’s most extraordinary landscapes.
A few global brands (including Tiffany & Company) have developed policies of responsible sourcing, charting a more sustainable course. But the whole jewellery industry must come together if it is to win acceptance from its customers for its global social and environmental footprint. Having led a company that for the past 20 years has been an ardent advocate for higher standards of conduct, I am convinced that the only way forward for the jewellery business in particular, and for extractive industries in general, is through third-party certification mechanisms that establish rigorous standards for the mining of precious metals and gemstones. This needs to be a system that involves all stakeholders, including community organizations, and not just industry representatives in its conception and governance.
It must set standards that go far beyond today’s lowest-common-denominator regulations. Good intentions are not enough; these standards must be transparent, auditable and mine-specific, with on-the-ground performance metrics. The certification system of the Forest Stewardship Council, which counts hundreds of environmental groups, industry representatives and labor organizations among its members and has promoted sustainable forestry management for more than 20 years, offers a credible model.
The standards must enforce respect for human rights and require the informed consent of host communities before mine development. They should also prevent the location of mines in protected areas, or areas of ecological or cultural value. These standards would prohibit the pollution of land, water or air and the release of toxic materials — specifically, the dumping of mine tailings in rivers, lakes or oceans. And they would require, in advance, full financial provision to cover the costs of mine closure and reclamation. Jewelry and watch retailers, as well as brand owners, must cooperate to make the mining sector that supplies the materials on which they depend more transparent and responsible.
Source: www.nytimes.com

What according to the passage is the designation of the author of the passage?

Question 3

Direction: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of these.
There are few places in the world more beautiful than the landscape of salmon-rich rivers that flow into Bristol Bay, Alaska. I arrived there seven years ago not as a sportsman or eco-tourist, as most visitors do, but as a chief executive, fearful that the company I led would be seen as complicit in the destruction of this remarkable place. My colleagues and I travelled to Bristol Bay in 2008 to encounter first-hand the land and people put in harm’s way by the proposed Pebble Mine.
This vast open-pit gold and copper mine and its toxic waste would pollute miles of pristine streams and thousands of wilderness acres that sustain the world’s largest sockeye salmon fishery, which supports thousands of jobs, all in pursuit of the gold from which Tiffany & Company made jewellery. The conclusion we reached was inescapable: No amount of corporate profit or share price value could justify our participation, however indirectly, in the degradation of such indescribable beauty. Beyond pledging not to use gold produced by the Pebble Mine, we became vocal opponents of mine development there.
Even now, however, the future of Bristol Bay remains uncertain. For the time being, global mining giants have abandoned the Pebble project, and local opposition to the mine is strong and growing. The Environmental Protection Agency has invoked its powers under the Clean Water Act to review the project’s potential impact, but mine proponents are challenging the agency’s actions in court.
The threat to Bristol Bay exemplifies a far larger issue: the enormous human and environmental cost of irresponsible mining. I am saddened to realize how little progress the jewelry industry has made in ensuring that the precious metals and gemstones on which it relies are extracted and processed in ways that are socially and environmentally responsible. The industry has a better record on conflict diamonds, and we can take comfort that some of the worst abuses are behind us. But the extraction of diamonds is still associated with human rights violations and economic exploitation. But diamonds are not the only problem. Few meaningful standards exist for the responsible mining of other types of gemstones. Precious-metal mining too often leaves a legacy of poisoned lands and waters. New mine development threatens to destroy valuable cultural resources and some of the world’s most extraordinary landscapes.
A few global brands (including Tiffany & Company) have developed policies of responsible sourcing, charting a more sustainable course. But the whole jewellery industry must come together if it is to win acceptance from its customers for its global social and environmental footprint. Having led a company that for the past 20 years has been an ardent advocate for higher standards of conduct, I am convinced that the only way forward for the jewellery business in particular, and for extractive industries in general, is through third-party certification mechanisms that establish rigorous standards for the mining of precious metals and gemstones. This needs to be a system that involves all stakeholders, including community organizations, and not just industry representatives in its conception and governance.
It must set standards that go far beyond today’s lowest-common-denominator regulations. Good intentions are not enough; these standards must be transparent, auditable and mine-specific, with on-the-ground performance metrics. The certification system of the Forest Stewardship Council, which counts hundreds of environmental groups, industry representatives and labor organizations among its members and has promoted sustainable forestry management for more than 20 years, offers a credible model.
The standards must enforce respect for human rights and require the informed consent of host communities before mine development. They should also prevent the location of mines in protected areas, or areas of ecological or cultural value. These standards would prohibit the pollution of land, water or air and the release of toxic materials — specifically, the dumping of mine tailings in rivers, lakes or oceans. And they would require, in advance, full financial provision to cover the costs of mine closure and reclamation. Jewelry and watch retailers, as well as brand owners, must cooperate to make the mining sector that supplies the materials on which they depend more transparent and responsible.
Source: www.nytimes.com

What was/were the conclusion/s drawn by the author after his visit to the Pebble Mine in Bristol Bay?

Question 4

Direction: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of these.
There are few places in the world more beautiful than the landscape of salmon-rich rivers that flow into Bristol Bay, Alaska. I arrived there seven years ago not as a sportsman or eco-tourist, as most visitors do, but as a chief executive, fearful that the company I led would be seen as complicit in the destruction of this remarkable place. My colleagues and I travelled to Bristol Bay in 2008 to encounter first-hand the land and people put in harm’s way by the proposed Pebble Mine.
This vast open-pit gold and copper mine and its toxic waste would pollute miles of pristine streams and thousands of wilderness acres that sustain the world’s largest sockeye salmon fishery, which supports thousands of jobs, all in pursuit of the gold from which Tiffany & Company made jewellery. The conclusion we reached was inescapable: No amount of corporate profit or share price value could justify our participation, however indirectly, in the degradation of such indescribable beauty. Beyond pledging not to use gold produced by the Pebble Mine, we became vocal opponents of mine development there.
Even now, however, the future of Bristol Bay remains uncertain. For the time being, global mining giants have abandoned the Pebble project, and local opposition to the mine is strong and growing. The Environmental Protection Agency has invoked its powers under the Clean Water Act to review the project’s potential impact, but mine proponents are challenging the agency’s actions in court.
The threat to Bristol Bay exemplifies a far larger issue: the enormous human and environmental cost of irresponsible mining. I am saddened to realize how little progress the jewelry industry has made in ensuring that the precious metals and gemstones on which it relies are extracted and processed in ways that are socially and environmentally responsible. The industry has a better record on conflict diamonds, and we can take comfort that some of the worst abuses are behind us. But the extraction of diamonds is still associated with human rights violations and economic exploitation. But diamonds are not the only problem. Few meaningful standards exist for the responsible mining of other types of gemstones. Precious-metal mining too often leaves a legacy of poisoned lands and waters. New mine development threatens to destroy valuable cultural resources and some of the world’s most extraordinary landscapes.
A few global brands (including Tiffany & Company) have developed policies of responsible sourcing, charting a more sustainable course. But the whole jewellery industry must come together if it is to win acceptance from its customers for its global social and environmental footprint. Having led a company that for the past 20 years has been an ardent advocate for higher standards of conduct, I am convinced that the only way forward for the jewellery business in particular, and for extractive industries in general, is through third-party certification mechanisms that establish rigorous standards for the mining of precious metals and gemstones. This needs to be a system that involves all stakeholders, including community organizations, and not just industry representatives in its conception and governance.
It must set standards that go far beyond today’s lowest-common-denominator regulations. Good intentions are not enough; these standards must be transparent, auditable and mine-specific, with on-the-ground performance metrics. The certification system of the Forest Stewardship Council, which counts hundreds of environmental groups, industry representatives and labor organizations among its members and has promoted sustainable forestry management for more than 20 years, offers a credible model.
The standards must enforce respect for human rights and require the informed consent of host communities before mine development. They should also prevent the location of mines in protected areas, or areas of ecological or cultural value. These standards would prohibit the pollution of land, water or air and the release of toxic materials — specifically, the dumping of mine tailings in rivers, lakes or oceans. And they would require, in advance, full financial provision to cover the costs of mine closure and reclamation. Jewelry and watch retailers, as well as brand owners, must cooperate to make the mining sector that supplies the materials on which they depend more transparent and responsible.
Source: www.nytimes.com

What was/were the impact/s of the opposition led by the author against mining standards in Bristol Bay?

Question 5

Direction: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of these.
There are few places in the world more beautiful than the landscape of salmon-rich rivers that flow into Bristol Bay, Alaska. I arrived there seven years ago not as a sportsman or eco-tourist, as most visitors do, but as a chief executive, fearful that the company I led would be seen as complicit in the destruction of this remarkable place. My colleagues and I travelled to Bristol Bay in 2008 to encounter first-hand the land and people put in harm’s way by the proposed Pebble Mine.
This vast open-pit gold and copper mine and its toxic waste would pollute miles of pristine streams and thousands of wilderness acres that sustain the world’s largest sockeye salmon fishery, which supports thousands of jobs, all in pursuit of the gold from which Tiffany & Company made jewellery. The conclusion we reached was inescapable: No amount of corporate profit or share price value could justify our participation, however indirectly, in the degradation of such indescribable beauty. Beyond pledging not to use gold produced by the Pebble Mine, we became vocal opponents of mine development there.
Even now, however, the future of Bristol Bay remains uncertain. For the time being, global mining giants have abandoned the Pebble project, and local opposition to the mine is strong and growing. The Environmental Protection Agency has invoked its powers under the Clean Water Act to review the project’s potential impact, but mine proponents are challenging the agency’s actions in court.
The threat to Bristol Bay exemplifies a far larger issue: the enormous human and environmental cost of irresponsible mining. I am saddened to realize how little progress the jewelry industry has made in ensuring that the precious metals and gemstones on which it relies are extracted and processed in ways that are socially and environmentally responsible. The industry has a better record on conflict diamonds, and we can take comfort that some of the worst abuses are behind us. But the extraction of diamonds is still associated with human rights violations and economic exploitation. But diamonds are not the only problem. Few meaningful standards exist for the responsible mining of other types of gemstones. Precious-metal mining too often leaves a legacy of poisoned lands and waters. New mine development threatens to destroy valuable cultural resources and some of the world’s most extraordinary landscapes.
A few global brands (including Tiffany & Company) have developed policies of responsible sourcing, charting a more sustainable course. But the whole jewellery industry must come together if it is to win acceptance from its customers for its global social and environmental footprint. Having led a company that for the past 20 years has been an ardent advocate for higher standards of conduct, I am convinced that the only way forward for the jewellery business in particular, and for extractive industries in general, is through third-party certification mechanisms that establish rigorous standards for the mining of precious metals and gemstones. This needs to be a system that involves all stakeholders, including community organizations, and not just industry representatives in its conception and governance.
It must set standards that go far beyond today’s lowest-common-denominator regulations. Good intentions are not enough; these standards must be transparent, auditable and mine-specific, with on-the-ground performance metrics. The certification system of the Forest Stewardship Council, which counts hundreds of environmental groups, industry representatives and labor organizations among its members and has promoted sustainable forestry management for more than 20 years, offers a credible model.
The standards must enforce respect for human rights and require the informed consent of host communities before mine development. They should also prevent the location of mines in protected areas, or areas of ecological or cultural value. These standards would prohibit the pollution of land, water or air and the release of toxic materials — specifically, the dumping of mine tailings in rivers, lakes or oceans. And they would require, in advance, full financial provision to cover the costs of mine closure and reclamation. Jewelry and watch retailers, as well as brand owners, must cooperate to make the mining sector that supplies the materials on which they depend more transparent and responsible.
Source: www.nytimes.com

What according to the passage is the author trying to convey to its readers?

Question 6

Direction: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of these.
There are few places in the world more beautiful than the landscape of salmon-rich rivers that flow into Bristol Bay, Alaska. I arrived there seven years ago not as a sportsman or eco-tourist, as most visitors do, but as a chief executive, fearful that the company I led would be seen as complicit in the destruction of this remarkable place. My colleagues and I travelled to Bristol Bay in 2008 to encounter first-hand the land and people put in harm’s way by the proposed Pebble Mine.
This vast open-pit gold and copper mine and its toxic waste would pollute miles of pristine streams and thousands of wilderness acres that sustain the world’s largest sockeye salmon fishery, which supports thousands of jobs, all in pursuit of the gold from which Tiffany & Company made jewellery. The conclusion we reached was inescapable: No amount of corporate profit or share price value could justify our participation, however indirectly, in the degradation of such indescribable beauty. Beyond pledging not to use gold produced by the Pebble Mine, we became vocal opponents of mine development there.
Even now, however, the future of Bristol Bay remains uncertain. For the time being, global mining giants have abandoned the Pebble project, and local opposition to the mine is strong and growing. The Environmental Protection Agency has invoked its powers under the Clean Water Act to review the project’s potential impact, but mine proponents are challenging the agency’s actions in court.
The threat to Bristol Bay exemplifies a far larger issue: the enormous human and environmental cost of irresponsible mining. I am saddened to realize how little progress the jewelry industry has made in ensuring that the precious metals and gemstones on which it relies are extracted and processed in ways that are socially and environmentally responsible. The industry has a better record on conflict diamonds, and we can take comfort that some of the worst abuses are behind us. But the extraction of diamonds is still associated with human rights violations and economic exploitation. But diamonds are not the only problem. Few meaningful standards exist for the responsible mining of other types of gemstones. Precious-metal mining too often leaves a legacy of poisoned lands and waters. New mine development threatens to destroy valuable cultural resources and some of the world’s most extraordinary landscapes.
A few global brands (including Tiffany & Company) have developed policies of responsible sourcing, charting a more sustainable course. But the whole jewellery industry must come together if it is to win acceptance from its customers for its global social and environmental footprint. Having led a company that for the past 20 years has been an ardent advocate for higher standards of conduct, I am convinced that the only way forward for the jewellery business in particular, and for extractive industries in general, is through third-party certification mechanisms that establish rigorous standards for the mining of precious metals and gemstones. This needs to be a system that involves all stakeholders, including community organizations, and not just industry representatives in its conception and governance.
It must set standards that go far beyond today’s lowest-common-denominator regulations. Good intentions are not enough; these standards must be transparent, auditable and mine-specific, with on-the-ground performance metrics. The certification system of the Forest Stewardship Council, which counts hundreds of environmental groups, industry representatives and labor organizations among its members and has promoted sustainable forestry management for more than 20 years, offers a credible model.
The standards must enforce respect for human rights and require the informed consent of host communities before mine development. They should also prevent the location of mines in protected areas, or areas of ecological or cultural value. These standards would prohibit the pollution of land, water or air and the release of toxic materials — specifically, the dumping of mine tailings in rivers, lakes or oceans. And they would require, in advance, full financial provision to cover the costs of mine closure and reclamation. Jewelry and watch retailers, as well as brand owners, must cooperate to make the mining sector that supplies the materials on which they depend more transparent and responsible.
Source: www.nytimes.com

Which among the following words express the SAME meaning as that of the word “inescapable” used in the passage above?

Question 7

Direction: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of these.
There are few places in the world more beautiful than the landscape of salmon-rich rivers that flow into Bristol Bay, Alaska. I arrived there seven years ago not as a sportsman or eco-tourist, as most visitors do, but as a chief executive, fearful that the company I led would be seen as complicit in the destruction of this remarkable place. My colleagues and I travelled to Bristol Bay in 2008 to encounter first-hand the land and people put in harm’s way by the proposed Pebble Mine.
This vast open-pit gold and copper mine and its toxic waste would pollute miles of pristine streams and thousands of wilderness acres that sustain the world’s largest sockeye salmon fishery, which supports thousands of jobs, all in pursuit of the gold from which Tiffany & Company made jewellery. The conclusion we reached was inescapable: No amount of corporate profit or share price value could justify our participation, however indirectly, in the degradation of such indescribable beauty. Beyond pledging not to use gold produced by the Pebble Mine, we became vocal opponents of mine development there.
Even now, however, the future of Bristol Bay remains uncertain. For the time being, global mining giants have abandoned the Pebble project, and local opposition to the mine is strong and growing. The Environmental Protection Agency has invoked its powers under the Clean Water Act to review the project’s potential impact, but mine proponents are challenging the agency’s actions in court.
The threat to Bristol Bay exemplifies a far larger issue: the enormous human and environmental cost of irresponsible mining. I am saddened to realize how little progress the jewelry industry has made in ensuring that the precious metals and gemstones on which it relies are extracted and processed in ways that are socially and environmentally responsible. The industry has a better record on conflict diamonds, and we can take comfort that some of the worst abuses are behind us. But the extraction of diamonds is still associated with human rights violations and economic exploitation. But diamonds are not the only problem. Few meaningful standards exist for the responsible mining of other types of gemstones. Precious-metal mining too often leaves a legacy of poisoned lands and waters. New mine development threatens to destroy valuable cultural resources and some of the world’s most extraordinary landscapes.
A few global brands (including Tiffany & Company) have developed policies of responsible sourcing, charting a more sustainable course. But the whole jewellery industry must come together if it is to win acceptance from its customers for its global social and environmental footprint. Having led a company that for the past 20 years has been an ardent advocate for higher standards of conduct, I am convinced that the only way forward for the jewellery business in particular, and for extractive industries in general, is through third-party certification mechanisms that establish rigorous standards for the mining of precious metals and gemstones. This needs to be a system that involves all stakeholders, including community organizations, and not just industry representatives in its conception and governance.
It must set standards that go far beyond today’s lowest-common-denominator regulations. Good intentions are not enough; these standards must be transparent, auditable and mine-specific, with on-the-ground performance metrics. The certification system of the Forest Stewardship Council, which counts hundreds of environmental groups, industry representatives and labor organizations among its members and has promoted sustainable forestry management for more than 20 years, offers a credible model.
The standards must enforce respect for human rights and require the informed consent of host communities before mine development. They should also prevent the location of mines in protected areas, or areas of ecological or cultural value. These standards would prohibit the pollution of land, water or air and the release of toxic materials — specifically, the dumping of mine tailings in rivers, lakes or oceans. And they would require, in advance, full financial provision to cover the costs of mine closure and reclamation. Jewelry and watch retailers, as well as brand owners, must cooperate to make the mining sector that supplies the materials on which they depend more transparent and responsible.
Source: www.nytimes.com

Which among the following words express the SAME meaning as that of the word “exemplifies” used in the passage above?

Question 8

Direction: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of these.
There are few places in the world more beautiful than the landscape of salmon-rich rivers that flow into Bristol Bay, Alaska. I arrived there seven years ago not as a sportsman or eco-tourist, as most visitors do, but as a chief executive, fearful that the company I led would be seen as complicit in the destruction of this remarkable place. My colleagues and I travelled to Bristol Bay in 2008 to encounter first-hand the land and people put in harm’s way by the proposed Pebble Mine.
This vast open-pit gold and copper mine and its toxic waste would pollute miles of pristine streams and thousands of wilderness acres that sustain the world’s largest sockeye salmon fishery, which supports thousands of jobs, all in pursuit of the gold from which Tiffany & Company made jewellery. The conclusion we reached was inescapable: No amount of corporate profit or share price value could justify our participation, however indirectly, in the degradation of such indescribable beauty. Beyond pledging not to use gold produced by the Pebble Mine, we became vocal opponents of mine development there.
Even now, however, the future of Bristol Bay remains uncertain. For the time being, global mining giants have abandoned the Pebble project, and local opposition to the mine is strong and growing. The Environmental Protection Agency has invoked its powers under the Clean Water Act to review the project’s potential impact, but mine proponents are challenging the agency’s actions in court.
The threat to Bristol Bay exemplifies a far larger issue: the enormous human and environmental cost of irresponsible mining. I am saddened to realize how little progress the jewelry industry has made in ensuring that the precious metals and gemstones on which it relies are extracted and processed in ways that are socially and environmentally responsible. The industry has a better record on conflict diamonds, and we can take comfort that some of the worst abuses are behind us. But the extraction of diamonds is still associated with human rights violations and economic exploitation. But diamonds are not the only problem. Few meaningful standards exist for the responsible mining of other types of gemstones. Precious-metal mining too often leaves a legacy of poisoned lands and waters. New mine development threatens to destroy valuable cultural resources and some of the world’s most extraordinary landscapes.
A few global brands (including Tiffany & Company) have developed policies of responsible sourcing, charting a more sustainable course. But the whole jewellery industry must come together if it is to win acceptance from its customers for its global social and environmental footprint. Having led a company that for the past 20 years has been an ardent advocate for higher standards of conduct, I am convinced that the only way forward for the jewellery business in particular, and for extractive industries in general, is through third-party certification mechanisms that establish rigorous standards for the mining of precious metals and gemstones. This needs to be a system that involves all stakeholders, including community organizations, and not just industry representatives in its conception and governance.
It must set standards that go far beyond today’s lowest-common-denominator regulations. Good intentions are not enough; these standards must be transparent, auditable and mine-specific, with on-the-ground performance metrics. The certification system of the Forest Stewardship Council, which counts hundreds of environmental groups, industry representatives and labor organizations among its members and has promoted sustainable forestry management for more than 20 years, offers a credible model.
The standards must enforce respect for human rights and require the informed consent of host communities before mine development. They should also prevent the location of mines in protected areas, or areas of ecological or cultural value. These standards would prohibit the pollution of land, water or air and the release of toxic materials — specifically, the dumping of mine tailings in rivers, lakes or oceans. And they would require, in advance, full financial provision to cover the costs of mine closure and reclamation. Jewelry and watch retailers, as well as brand owners, must cooperate to make the mining sector that supplies the materials on which they depend more transparent and responsible.
Source: www.nytimes.com

Which among the following words express the SAME meaning as that of the word “legacy” used in the passage above?

Question 9

Direction: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of these.
There are few places in the world more beautiful than the landscape of salmon-rich rivers that flow into Bristol Bay, Alaska. I arrived there seven years ago not as a sportsman or eco-tourist, as most visitors do, but as a chief executive, fearful that the company I led would be seen as complicit in the destruction of this remarkable place. My colleagues and I travelled to Bristol Bay in 2008 to encounter first-hand the land and people put in harm’s way by the proposed Pebble Mine.
This vast open-pit gold and copper mine and its toxic waste would pollute miles of pristine streams and thousands of wilderness acres that sustain the world’s largest sockeye salmon fishery, which supports thousands of jobs, all in pursuit of the gold from which Tiffany & Company made jewellery. The conclusion we reached was inescapable: No amount of corporate profit or share price value could justify our participation, however indirectly, in the degradation of such indescribable beauty. Beyond pledging not to use gold produced by the Pebble Mine, we became vocal opponents of mine development there.
Even now, however, the future of Bristol Bay remains uncertain. For the time being, global mining giants have abandoned the Pebble project, and local opposition to the mine is strong and growing. The Environmental Protection Agency has invoked its powers under the Clean Water Act to review the project’s potential impact, but mine proponents are challenging the agency’s actions in court.
The threat to Bristol Bay exemplifies a far larger issue: the enormous human and environmental cost of irresponsible mining. I am saddened to realize how little progress the jewelry industry has made in ensuring that the precious metals and gemstones on which it relies are extracted and processed in ways that are socially and environmentally responsible. The industry has a better record on conflict diamonds, and we can take comfort that some of the worst abuses are behind us. But the extraction of diamonds is still associated with human rights violations and economic exploitation. But diamonds are not the only problem. Few meaningful standards exist for the responsible mining of other types of gemstones. Precious-metal mining too often leaves a legacy of poisoned lands and waters. New mine development threatens to destroy valuable cultural resources and some of the world’s most extraordinary landscapes.
A few global brands (including Tiffany & Company) have developed policies of responsible sourcing, charting a more sustainable course. But the whole jewellery industry must come together if it is to win acceptance from its customers for its global social and environmental footprint. Having led a company that for the past 20 years has been an ardent advocate for higher standards of conduct, I am convinced that the only way forward for the jewellery business in particular, and for extractive industries in general, is through third-party certification mechanisms that establish rigorous standards for the mining of precious metals and gemstones. This needs to be a system that involves all stakeholders, including community organizations, and not just industry representatives in its conception and governance.
It must set standards that go far beyond today’s lowest-common-denominator regulations. Good intentions are not enough; these standards must be transparent, auditable and mine-specific, with on-the-ground performance metrics. The certification system of the Forest Stewardship Council, which counts hundreds of environmental groups, industry representatives and labor organizations among its members and has promoted sustainable forestry management for more than 20 years, offers a credible model.
The standards must enforce respect for human rights and require the informed consent of host communities before mine development. They should also prevent the location of mines in protected areas, or areas of ecological or cultural value. These standards would prohibit the pollution of land, water or air and the release of toxic materials — specifically, the dumping of mine tailings in rivers, lakes or oceans. And they would require, in advance, full financial provision to cover the costs of mine closure and reclamation. Jewelry and watch retailers, as well as brand owners, must cooperate to make the mining sector that supplies the materials on which they depend more transparent and responsible.
Source: www.nytimes.com

Which among the following words express the meaning OPPOSITE to the word “complicit” as used in the passage above?

Question 10

Direction: Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold to help you locate them while answering some of these.
There are few places in the world more beautiful than the landscape of salmon-rich rivers that flow into Bristol Bay, Alaska. I arrived there seven years ago not as a sportsman or eco-tourist, as most visitors do, but as a chief executive, fearful that the company I led would be seen as complicit in the destruction of this remarkable place. My colleagues and I travelled to Bristol Bay in 2008 to encounter first-hand the land and people put in harm’s way by the proposed Pebble Mine.
This vast open-pit gold and copper mine and its toxic waste would pollute miles of pristine streams and thousands of wilderness acres that sustain the world’s largest sockeye salmon fishery, which supports thousands of jobs, all in pursuit of the gold from which Tiffany & Company made jewellery. The conclusion we reached was inescapable: No amount of corporate profit or share price value could justify our participation, however indirectly, in the degradation of such indescribable beauty. Beyond pledging not to use gold produced by the Pebble Mine, we became vocal opponents of mine development there.
Even now, however, the future of Bristol Bay remains uncertain. For the time being, global mining giants have abandoned the Pebble project, and local opposition to the mine is strong and growing. The Environmental Protection Agency has invoked its powers under the Clean Water Act to review the project’s potential impact, but mine proponents are challenging the agency’s actions in court.
The threat to Bristol Bay exemplifies a far larger issue: the enormous human and environmental cost of irresponsible mining. I am saddened to realize how little progress the jewelry industry has made in ensuring that the precious metals and gemstones on which it relies are extracted and processed in ways that are socially and environmentally responsible. The industry has a better record on conflict diamonds, and we can take comfort that some of the worst abuses are behind us. But the extraction of diamonds is still associated with human rights violations and economic exploitation. But diamonds are not the only problem. Few meaningful standards exist for the responsible mining of other types of gemstones. Precious-metal mining too often leaves a legacy of poisoned lands and waters. New mine development threatens to destroy valuable cultural resources and some of the world’s most extraordinary landscapes.
A few global brands (including Tiffany & Company) have developed policies of responsible sourcing, charting a more sustainable course. But the whole jewellery industry must come together if it is to win acceptance from its customers for its global social and environmental footprint. Having led a company that for the past 20 years has been an ardent advocate for higher standards of conduct, I am convinced that the only way forward for the jewellery business in particular, and for extractive industries in general, is through third-party certification mechanisms that establish rigorous standards for the mining of precious metals and gemstones. This needs to be a system that involves all stakeholders, including community organizations, and not just industry representatives in its conception and governance.
It must set standards that go far beyond today’s lowest-common-denominator regulations. Good intentions are not enough; these standards must be transparent, auditable and mine-specific, with on-the-ground performance metrics. The certification system of the Forest Stewardship Council, which counts hundreds of environmental groups, industry representatives and labor organizations among its members and has promoted sustainable forestry management for more than 20 years, offers a credible model.
The standards must enforce respect for human rights and require the informed consent of host communities before mine development. They should also prevent the location of mines in protected areas, or areas of ecological or cultural value. These standards would prohibit the pollution of land, water or air and the release of toxic materials — specifically, the dumping of mine tailings in rivers, lakes or oceans. And they would require, in advance, full financial provision to cover the costs of mine closure and reclamation. Jewelry and watch retailers, as well as brand owners, must cooperate to make the mining sector that supplies the materials on which they depend more transparent and responsible.
Source: www.nytimes.com

Which among the following words express the meaning OPPOSITE to the word “reclamation” as used in the passage above?

Question 11

Direction: In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.

Without doubt, there is one thing (11) to all of us. We have played a game at some time in our lives. Most of us play to relax or have fun, but for many playing a game or a sport is a way to (12) poverty behind. In fact, in many African countries, playing a sport professionally can (13) the lives of a person's entire family. For example, in the small town of Bekoji, in Ethiopia (14) than a hundred boys and girls can be seen running at dawn every day. Each of these youth is (15) and serious and their coach is (16) that one of them will be a world champion. This seems like an idle (17) but it is virtually a guarantee in this small community (18) mainly farmers. Many of the fastest male and female distance runners in the world hail from this small town. A small handpainted sign which greets visitors outside Bekoji (19) “Welcome to the Village of Athletes”. Children here start running at an early age, (20) great distance to fetch water and firewood or to reach, school. At the Olympics, runners from this small town are likely to win more medals than those from developed countries. It will give their families a way out of poverty.

Find out the appropriate word in each case.

Question 12

Direction: In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.

Without doubt, there is one thing (11) to all of us. We have played a game at some time in our lives. Most of us play to relax or have fun, but for many playing a game or a sport is a way to (12) poverty behind. In fact, in many African countries, playing a sport professionally can (13) the lives of a person's entire family. For example, in the small town of Bekoji, in Ethiopia (14) than a hundred boys and girls can be seen running at dawn every day. Each of these youth is (15) and serious and their coach is (16) that one of them will be a world champion. This seems like an idle (17) but it is virtually a guarantee in this small community (18) mainly farmers. Many of the fastest male and female distance runners in the world hail from this small town. A small handpainted sign which greets visitors outside Bekoji (19) “Welcome to the Village of Athletes”. Children here start running at an early age, (20) great distance to fetch water and firewood or to reach, school. At the Olympics, runners from this small town are likely to win more medals than those from developed countries. It will give their families a way out of poverty.

Find out the appropriate word in each case.

Question 13

Direction: In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.

Without doubt, there is one thing (11) to all of us. We have played a game at some time in our lives. Most of us play to relax or have fun, but for many playing a game or a sport is a way to (12) poverty behind. In fact, in many African countries, playing a sport professionally can (13) the lives of a person's entire family. For example, in the small town of Bekoji, in Ethiopia (14) than a hundred boys and girls can be seen running at dawn every day. Each of these youth is (15) and serious and their coach is (16) that one of them will be a world champion. This seems like an idle (17) but it is virtually a guarantee in this small community (18) mainly farmers. Many of the fastest male and female distance runners in the world hail from this small town. A small handpainted sign which greets visitors outside Bekoji (19) “Welcome to the Village of Athletes”. Children here start running at an early age, (20) great distance to fetch water and firewood or to reach, school. At the Olympics, runners from this small town are likely to win more medals than those from developed countries. It will give their families a way out of poverty.

Find out the appropriate word in each case.

Question 14

Direction: In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.

Without doubt, there is one thing (11) to all of us. We have played a game at some time in our lives. Most of us play to relax or have fun, but for many playing a game or a sport is a way to (12) poverty behind. In fact, in many African countries, playing a sport professionally can (13) the lives of a person's entire family. For example, in the small town of Bekoji, in Ethiopia (14) than a hundred boys and girls can be seen running at dawn every day. Each of these youth is (15) and serious and their coach is (16) that one of them will be a world champion. This seems like an idle (17) but it is virtually a guarantee in this small community (18) mainly farmers. Many of the fastest male and female distance runners in the world hail from this small town. A small handpainted sign which greets visitors outside Bekoji (19) “Welcome to the Village of Athletes”. Children here start running at an early age, (20) great distance to fetch water and firewood or to reach, school. At the Olympics, runners from this small town are likely to win more medals than those from developed countries. It will give their families a way out of poverty.

Find out the appropriate word in each case.

Question 15

Direction: In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.

Without doubt, there is one thing (11) to all of us. We have played a game at some time in our lives. Most of us play to relax or have fun, but for many playing a game or a sport is a way to (12) poverty behind. In fact, in many African countries, playing a sport professionally can (13) the lives of a person's entire family. For example, in the small town of Bekoji, in Ethiopia (14) than a hundred boys and girls can be seen running at dawn every day. Each of these youth is (15) and serious and their coach is (16) that one of them will be a world champion. This seems like an idle (17) but it is virtually a guarantee in this small community (18) mainly farmers. Many of the fastest male and female distance runners in the world hail from this small town. A small handpainted sign which greets visitors outside Bekoji (19) “Welcome to the Village of Athletes”. Children here start running at an early age, (20) great distance to fetch water and firewood or to reach, school. At the Olympics, runners from this small town are likely to win more medals than those from developed countries. It will give their families a way out of poverty.

Find out the appropriate word in each case.

Question 16

Direction: In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.

Without doubt, there is one thing (11) to all of us. We have played a game at some time in our lives. Most of us play to relax or have fun, but for many playing a game or a sport is a way to (12) poverty behind. In fact, in many African countries, playing a sport professionally can (13) the lives of a person's entire family. For example, in the small town of Bekoji, in Ethiopia (14) than a hundred boys and girls can be seen running at dawn every day. Each of these youth is (15) and serious and their coach is (16) that one of them will be a world champion. This seems like an idle (17) but it is virtually a guarantee in this small community (18) mainly farmers. Many of the fastest male and female distance runners in the world hail from this small town. A small handpainted sign which greets visitors outside Bekoji (19) “Welcome to the Village of Athletes”. Children here start running at an early age, (20) great distance to fetch water and firewood or to reach, school. At the Olympics, runners from this small town are likely to win more medals than those from developed countries. It will give their families a way out of poverty.

Find out the appropriate word in each case.

Question 17

Direction: In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.

Without doubt, there is one thing (11) to all of us. We have played a game at some time in our lives. Most of us play to relax or have fun, but for many playing a game or a sport is a way to (12) poverty behind. In fact, in many African countries, playing a sport professionally can (13) the lives of a person's entire family. For example, in the small town of Bekoji, in Ethiopia (14) than a hundred boys and girls can be seen running at dawn every day. Each of these youth is (15) and serious and their coach is (16) that one of them will be a world champion. This seems like an idle (17) but it is virtually a guarantee in this small community (18) mainly farmers. Many of the fastest male and female distance runners in the world hail from this small town. A small handpainted sign which greets visitors outside Bekoji (19) “Welcome to the Village of Athletes”. Children here start running at an early age, (20) great distance to fetch water and firewood or to reach, school. At the Olympics, runners from this small town are likely to win more medals than those from developed countries. It will give their families a way out of poverty.

Find out the appropriate word in each case.

Question 18

Direction: In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.

Without doubt, there is one thing (11) to all of us. We have played a game at some time in our lives. Most of us play to relax or have fun, but for many playing a game or a sport is a way to (12) poverty behind. In fact, in many African countries, playing a sport professionally can (13) the lives of a person's entire family. For example, in the small town of Bekoji, in Ethiopia (14) than a hundred boys and girls can be seen running at dawn every day. Each of these youth is (15) and serious and their coach is (16) that one of them will be a world champion. This seems like an idle (17) but it is virtually a guarantee in this small community (18) mainly farmers. Many of the fastest male and female distance runners in the world hail from this small town. A small handpainted sign which greets visitors outside Bekoji (19) “Welcome to the Village of Athletes”. Children here start running at an early age, (20) great distance to fetch water and firewood or to reach, school. At the Olympics, runners from this small town are likely to win more medals than those from developed countries. It will give their families a way out of poverty.

Find out the appropriate word in each case.

Question 19

Direction: In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.

Without doubt, there is one thing (11) to all of us. We have played a game at some time in our lives. Most of us play to relax or have fun, but for many playing a game or a sport is a way to (12) poverty behind. In fact, in many African countries, playing a sport professionally can (13) the lives of a person's entire family. For example, in the small town of Bekoji, in Ethiopia (14) than a hundred boys and girls can be seen running at dawn every day. Each of these youth is (15) and serious and their coach is (16) that one of them will be a world champion. This seems like an idle (17) but it is virtually a guarantee in this small community (18) mainly farmers. Many of the fastest male and female distance runners in the world hail from this small town. A small handpainted sign which greets visitors outside Bekoji (19) “Welcome to the Village of Athletes”. Children here start running at an early age, (20) great distance to fetch water and firewood or to reach, school. At the Olympics, runners from this small town are likely to win more medals than those from developed countries. It will give their families a way out of poverty.

Find out the appropriate word in each case.

Question 20

Direction: In the following passage, there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fits the blank appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case.

Without doubt, there is one thing (11) to all of us. We have played a game at some time in our lives. Most of us play to relax or have fun, but for many playing a game or a sport is a way to (12) poverty behind. In fact, in many African countries, playing a sport professionally can (13) the lives of a person's entire family. For example, in the small town of Bekoji, in Ethiopia (14) than a hundred boys and girls can be seen running at dawn every day. Each of these youth is (15) and serious and their coach is (16) that one of them will be a world champion. This seems like an idle (17) but it is virtually a guarantee in this small community (18) mainly farmers. Many of the fastest male and female distance runners in the world hail from this small town. A small handpainted sign which greets visitors outside Bekoji (19) “Welcome to the Village of Athletes”. Children here start running at an early age, (20) great distance to fetch water and firewood or to reach, school. At the Olympics, runners from this small town are likely to win more medals than those from developed countries. It will give their families a way out of poverty.

Find out the appropriate word in each case.