Parajumbles II Mission DUJAT 2021 II 14 September

A. Migrant workers become quasi-disenfranchised, forgotten voters because they cannot afford to return home on election day to choose their representatives.

B. They travel across the country in search of an economic livelihood, in the construction sector, as domestic work, in brick kilns, mines, transportation, security, agriculture, etc.

C. Internal migrant workers constitute about thirteen crores as in the Economic Survey of 2017, which is nearly a third of the country’s labour force.

D. Many never intend to settle down and wish to return to their native villages and towns once their work is completed or the working season ends.

E. Often they toil in exploitative low-wage jobs, lacking identity and proper living conditions, without access to welfare and unable to exercise their voting rights.

a) Bats, which often live in large colonies, going up to even a million members, are a much-maligned but vital part of complex ecosystems.

b) For various reasons, they are secret reservoirs of viruses which intermittently emerge in history to wreak havoc on unheeding creatures that tamper life.

c) Since then, bats have been repeatedly identified as the reservoir for a series of zoonosis including the Nipah virus, Ebola, SARS-CoV-1 and now the SARS-CoV-2.

d) Their unsung duties include controlling insect populations, reseeding cut forests, pollinating plants and scattering nutritious guano to enrich the soil.

e) In the mid-1990s, bats were identified as the reservoir of a deadly outbreak of Hendra virus in Australia.

a) The massacre of over 60 people over the weekend in Sudan’s Darfur region marks a further escalation in the violence blighting the territory since the 2019 ouster of the country’s dictator Omar al-Bashir.

b) Days earlier, Khartoum declared an emergency in the North Darfur region after a police station was burned down and vehicles set on fire by protesters in a small town and militias attacked another.

c) About 500 armed men targeted the Masalit community in west Darfur’s Masteri town, according to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs.

d) These incidents are a reminder of the unfinished task of restoring stability in Darfur racked by a conflict between the nation’s dominant Arab rulers and the African ethnic communities demanding greater autonomy from Khartoum.

e) On Friday, 20 people, including women and children, were gunned down in a South Darfur town when displaced farmers were returning to the region under a recent government-backed agreement with the original landowners.

a) Massive Street protests that broke out in Beirut and elsewhere last year against corruption and the government’s inability to provide even basic services to citizens, paralysed governance further, leading to Prime Minister’s resignation.

b) The blast could not have come at a worse time for Lebanon.

c) The new government’s immediate priority was to fix the economy.

d) But the economy is still in free fall.
E) In recent years, it has been battling with one crisis or another — be it political instability, a crumbling economy or the pandemic.

a) The victims were sold hooch that apparently had a large amount of denatured alcohol.

b) The State government, which is responsible for both excise and law and order, has sanctioned financial relief for the affected families, and suspended some policemen and officials in charge of excise enforcement.

c) Once again, the scourge of illicit liquor has struck, killing more than 100 people and leaving many crippled.

d) On the other hand, the kith and kin of those who died say the illicit brew was peddled virtually in the open by small-time vendors.

e) Wiser after the fact, the police claim that there was an inter-district racket in operation and made several arrests.

a) The State’s significant human resources contribution to the ever-expanding IT sector is also attributed to the English fluency of its recruits as much as to their technical knowledge.

b) However, its voluntary learning has never been restricted and the growth over the past decade in the number of CBSE schools, where the language is taught, would bear testimony to this.

c) The two-language policy of Tamil and English has thus far worked well in the State.

d) In a liberalised world, more windows to the world are being opened up for those proficient in English, a global link language.

e) There is this counter-argument that Tamil Nadu is depriving students of an opportunity to learn Hindi, touted as a national link language.

a) In 1939, following her marriage to G. Venkatachalapathy, she became familiar with Gandhian ideals.

b) He also promoted village industries, particularly khadi.
C) Meenakshi Venkatapathi is 100 years old, a widow of a freedom fighter and a staunch Gandhian.

c) The village industry wing of the ashram continues to make khadi products and practise organic agriculture and vermin composting.
E) A freedom fighter and follower of Gandhi, Venkatachalapathy instituted Gandhi Niketan Ashram in Madurai in 1940, with the aim of carrying forward Gandhi’s ideals.

a) The United Nations described entrepreneurship as one of the possible solutions to sustainable development challenges in its resolution on Entrepreneurship for Development.

b) To develop entrepreneurship, it is necessary that each stage — from education to access to finance — is given due focus.
C) Thus, developed and developing countries are emphasising the need to promote entrepreneurship.

d) This is where the importance of entrepreneurship education comes in.

E) Though India is not behind, it still has a long way to go since micro, small and medium enterprises contribute to over a third of GDP and around half the exports in the country.

A) Several start-ups rose to the occasion by providing quick solutions relating to each of these areas.

B) The COVID-19 pandemic has led to shortages of intensive care beds, ventilators, and protective equipment.

C) Mass communication of quarantine measures, effective quarantine monitoring measures, as well as digital solutions to regulate essential logistics have also played a vital role.

D) Start-ups can also play a big role in the areas of organic agriculture and value addition of agri products.

E) Many start-ups and MSMEs have begun manufacturing these items with technology support from research institutions.

A) The river only has minimal flow for the most part in a year and that is insufficient to reduce blockage by sand bars.

B) On an average, nearly ₹1.5 crore is being spent to remove the sand bars every year.

C) Moreover, the presence of the Chennai Harbour also leads to rapid sedimentation at the river’s mouth, according to officials of the WRD

D) The Department has submitted a ₹70-crore proposal to the State to build a training wall perpendicular to the sea for sustainable opening of the river mouth.

E) In a bid to minimise sand bar formation on the Cooum river mouth and ensure smooth tidal action, the Water Resources Department has proposed to construct a training wall, a structure to direct the river flow, at the mouth.